PharmaCARE Essay Example for Free

PharmaCARE EssayPharmaCARE (We CARE about YOUR health) is 1 of the worlds most successful pharmaceutical companies, enjoying a reputation as a caring, ethical and well-run company that produced high-quality products that saved millions of lives and enhanced the quality of life for millions of others. The company offers free and discounted drugs to low-income consumers, has a foundation that sponsors healthcare educational programs and scholarships, and its CEO serves on the PhRMA board. PharmaCARE tardily launched a new initiative, We CARE about YOUR world, pledging its commitment to the environment through recycling, packaging changes and other green initiatives, despite the fact that the companys lobbying efforts and PAC have successfully defeated environmental laws and regulations, including extension of the Superfund tax, which was created by Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA). Based in New Jersey, PharmaCARE maintains a large man ufacturing facility in the African nation of Colberia, where the company has found several healers eager to freely share information about indigenous cures and an copiousness of Colberians willing to work for $1.00 a day, harvesting plants by walking five (5) miles into and out of the jungle carrying baskets that, when full, weigh up to fifty (50) pounds. Due to the low threadbare of living in Colberia, much of the population lives in primitive huts with no electricity or running water. PharmaCAREs executives, however, live in a sumptuosity compound, complete with a swimming pool, tennis courts, and a golf course. PharmaCAREs extensive activities in Colberia have destroyed habitat and endangered native species. 2 (2) years ago, after PharmaCAREs research indicated that one of its top-selling diabetes drugs might slow the progression of Alzheimers disease, its pharmacists began reformulating that drug to maximize the effect.In order to avoid FDA scrutiny, PharmaCARE constituted a wholly-owned subsidiary, CompCARE, to operate as a compounding pharmacy to sell the new formulation to individuals on a prescription basis. CompCARE set up fink in a suburban office park near its parents headquarters, and to conserve money and time, did a quick, low-cost renovation and designated Allen Jones to run the feats clean room. CompCARE benefited from PharmaCAREs reputation, databases, networks, and sales and marketing expertise, and within six (6) months had the medical community buzzing about AD23. Demand soared, particularly among Medicare,Medicaid, and VA patients. Seeing the opportunity to realize even more profit, CompCARE began advertising its services and the availability of AD23 to consumers and marketing the drug directly to hospitals, clinics, and physician offices, even though compounding pharmacies are not supposed to sell drugs in bulk for general use. To get around this technicality, CompCARE encouraged doctors to fax in lists of bogus patient names.As p roduction change magnitude and hours were extended, one of Allens techs pointed out what appeared to be mold around the air vents. Allen immediately contacted the facilities supervisor, who came over to inspect the lab. As time went on, workers began coughing, sneezing, and getting headaches at work, and one employee, Donna, who had a perfect attendance record, got so sick she could no longer come to work due to chronic bronchial problems. Eventually, she filed for workers compensation. Allens best supervisor, Tom, threatened to complain to OSHA about the air quality in the lab, and one of the techs, Ayesha, filed an EEOC complaint alleging she had not been promoted to supervisor because she was a Muslim in fact, although Ayesha was a very good worker, Allen did not believe she had the management or people skills necessary to be a good supervisor.Allen discussed these issues with his boss, the Director of Operations, who told Allen that if he wants to keep his course and receive his promised bonus, he needs to fire Donna, Tom, and Ayesha, and keep his own mouth shut about the mold and the bogus prescriptions. As CompCARE and its parent company enjoyed record profits and PharmaCAREs stock price approached $300 per share, reports started filtering in that people who received AD23 seemed to be suffering heart attacks at an alarming rate.The company ignore this data and continued filling large orders and paid huge bonuses to all the executives and managers, including Allen, who, after being named Employee of the Year, was beginning to miss production schedules due not simply to his staffs increasing use of sick leave, but also his own health issues. PharmaCARE sold CompCARE to WellCo, a large drugstore chain, just weeks originally AD23 was publicly linked to over 200 cardiac deaths. Both PharmaCARE and WellCo saw their stock price plummet.

Life Course of a Mas Murderer Essay Example for Free

Life Course of a Mas Murderer EssayOn April 16, 2007 one of the most devastating set murders in U.S muniment occurred at a Virginia college. Seung-Hui Cho a 23 year old South Korean alone executed the killing of 33 people by securing colleges doors to prevent escape of any students. Events such as these are truly tragic and devastating to all involved. By gathering background information about Seung-Hui Cho, we fag effectively examine amicable development theories as they relate to Cho and review my analysis that this particular occurrence was preventable. Born in South Korea, Seung-Hui Cho immigrated to America when he was 8 years old. Although Cho was a quiet well be deport child he was awkwardly withdrawn and angry (cite book). Throughout school Cho was teased and bullied which could endure been the cause of his average grades throughout school. Chos sister Sun-kyung was often in the school newspaper and was selected to attend the most elite Ivy League Universities (Schm alleger, 2009). Cho went on to attend Virginia tech where he was recognize once again for being extremely violent and was even removed from variety. Cho was referred to multiple counselors and officials where he denied all thoughts of self-destruction and homicide. Although Cho denied these having these thoughts students that attend Virginia Tech could see the imminent risk rising with Cho.There are many social development theories that can be applied to Seung-Hui Cho moreover I feel that the Life Course Perspective accurately represents Cho most effectively. With the social development perspective, human development occurs on many levels simotaneously, including psychological, biological, familial, interpersonal, cultural, social, and ecological (Schmalleger, 2009). brotherly development dtheories focus on delinquencies over an extended period of time as well as transitions people go through indoors their life span. As the Life course perspective suggests Cho exhibitedshowed a distinct pattern of anti-social behavior throughout his childhood and had never committed any crimes. Cho had a hard childhood and was in the shadows of his very successful sister. Even in college Cho had no friends and began to look up to other school shooters as martyrs. Although these individuals were not his friends at all in his situation they were the closest thing to having friends. In college Cho was accused of stalking women on two different occasions, was caught taking photos of the legs of female students in class and was separated out of classes. I believe that Chos antisocial lifestyle along with the transition any from home eventually lead him to commit the mass murder. Chos anti-social lifestyle seemed to escalate to criminal behaviors from the time he went off to college until the time of the Virginia Tech shooting.I believe that this tragedy could have been prevented if the proper hang-up measures and treatment techniques were taken. As a boy Cho should have been t aken in for a mental evaluation but I believe the integration of his family into the American society prevented that. In high school Cho being bullied and teased could have been put to a stop by teachers and surrounding students. Also when Cho started writing queasy poems short stories and plays he should have been recommended to a counselor. Any counselor that Cho had encounters with could have been a lot more persistent in getting to the bottom of Chos situations. A teacher college teacher doesnt just separate a student from her class. ultimately the two females who Cho supposedly stalked could have reported Cho and touch charges, preventing him from escalating in criminal nature.Seung-Hui Cho may have lived a particularly difficult life but with appropriate preventative and treatment measures the Virginia Tech shooting could have been prevented. One way this could have been prevented is with the support of his family. Chos family should have played a larger role in providing g uidance and discipline and instilling vocalise values in Cho. Also social institutions failed him. He was bullied in teased in schools and church which could have been the reason for him being anti-social throughout his lifespan (Seung-Hui, 2013). Finally individuals in Chos life should have intervened immediately and constructively when delinquent behaviorfirst occurred. After closely reviewing Chos background information and examining social development theories as they relate to Cho my analysis is that the Virginia Tech shooting was preventable.ReferencesSchmalleger, F. (2009). Criminology today An integrative introduction. (5th ed., pp. 297-341). Columbus, OH Pearson Prentice Hal. Retrieved from http//devry.vitalsource.com/ Seung-Hui Cho. (2013). The Biography Channel website. Retrieved 0622, Jul 28, 2013, from http//www.biography.com/people/seung-hui-cho-235991.

Developing a Socially Stratified Society

Developing a friendlyly Stratified SocietyReconstructing the company there argon more categories in which we sort domain. Among the major categories we come race, manikin and gender. Race is a social concept that categorizes homophiles into large populations and groups that stand distinctively by cultural, anatomical, genetic, geographical and social affiliation. There is not yet an agreement on the best definition of menage, but it can be defined as people belonging to the same same social, economic and educational circumstance. Gender is the range of characteristics pertaining between masculinity and feminity, and similarly differentiating them. Alternatively, it pertains to socially constructed roles, behaviours and also attributes that a society considers right for both the male and the female gender.We can incorporate the films La Haine and manufacturing consent to illustrate this. In La Haine, we can illustrate the impression of class as a category in which we sort t he human race. This is clear when there ensue a hard-hitting drama between the police force and the deprive French youth. The relationship that can be examined between these two groups is rampageous because of the social class. There is a riot that took place after a s generation Arab was beaten by the cops. The following day, young men went to Paris and they were arrested by the police. They were interrogated, only to be involved in a rumble with bootboys later on. On their returning home, what they encountered was never suspected.Delving deeper into the film La Haine, we find the writer director Mathieu Kassovitz butting the European urbanity with the American style of the streets as clash with the police in suburban parts. The end result can be seen as an explosion scathing social commentary and generally the story-telling is dynamic. Closer scrutiny to the generaton class and race are the major factors that divide the nation of France. Kassovits attacks the frontlines of po wer fearlessly but on a rather unreservedly pessimistic note.A riot in seen in the outskirts of paris where the police beat Abdel Ahmed Ghili, an Arab teenager, into a coma. This fuelled a lot of anger and hatred inside Vincent cassel, who is commonly reffered to as Vinz. Vinz was a Jew who was persistent to whack the cops in the occasion the boy dies. The jocular admitted this to the cohorts of Vincent. He also approached Humbert, an African boxer, to speak to him of his rather evil plan as they embark on an adventurous voyage from the neighbourhood of immigrants.The time bomb ticks a fatal account of the societys decline which is plainly adept sided. The efforts of only one police who shows sympathy to the troubled youth are negligible and ineffective among an army of bullies and epicots. It can be seen that kassovits view situations in black-and-white which vividly explains the fountain for striking a monochrome print. It is the conviction and broad discovery with which he wr ites the story that makes it really compelling.He lifts up a scene straight from the political hack driver where Vincent Cassel poses infront of the mirror with a gun. He asks his own image if it is talking to him. Humbert is seen to offset him with a cool self assurance. Taghmaoui performance was outstanding when he offers suspicious relief to neutralize the unbearable tension. He prompted a hitherto, unseen and executed it brilliantly. Racism has been seen to be a particular problem in the police force. The extend relationship between the policemen and the youth evidences racism. It takes place during a 24 hour period. When Abdul is injured and is critically in hospital, in the course of retribution, Vinz is caught in the possession of a policemans gun he had obtained in the riot. He swore to murder a pig if Abdul dies. This illustrates how race is a major class of sorting the humansWe can construct a socially stratified reality that will help us save some of these racial, cla ss and gender related problems. The close basic elements of the social structure is status. It stands for a social position that is recognized and of which an individual occupies in the society. There are duties and responsibilities usually in relation to encomiastic positions. Secondly, we have the status set. Everyone in the society holds many status positions and not one. Status set can be defined as all the statuses that a person holds at a given time. One can be a male or a female, teacher or student, husband or wife among many others.When we talk of status, it can either be ascribed or achieved status. Ascribed status is achieved at birth or later assumed involuntarily in the course of life. Achieved status is a social position that is assumed voluntarily. Its can reflect the ad hominem ability that one has or the magnitude of efforts with which he puts. Oftenly, we have a combination of both the achieved status and the ascribed status.However, theres that status with an ex ceptional importance for social identity and that shapes a persons personal life. This is referred to as a master status and according to our society, ones occupation often comprises this position. According to the social diversity, physical disability becomes the master status for many people. Some other ascribed statuses like race or sex are other examples of positions which in one way or the other are a persons master statuses.In the construction of a socially stratified reality, the concept of role is significant. By role, we mean the expected demeanor that is attached to particular status. The expectations the society attaches to a role somewhat makes the role performance to differ. Since each status has several roles attached to it, a person has many roles than statuses. This number of roles attached to particular status is referred to as role set.An individual can creatively shape reality through social interaction. It is understood as a negotiation mold which generates to shaping reality. People also build reality from the surrounding culture that varies widely within a given society. depth psychology of social interaction in terms of theatrical performances is crucial. Individuals in conglomerate settings make attempts to create impressions in the minds of others, what is referred to as impression management.There are various reasons why secretion arises and how it is perpetuated. Compounding effect of multiple grounds are always linked to a persons experience of definition. For example, researches confirm that the hoary and persons with disabilities experience higher unemployment chances. Members of radicalized groups with much(prenominal) qualities may also be underemployed on multiple grounds. These are social harms and pains that come from much(prenominal) acts of discrimination. other reason for discrimination is protecting persons associated with others protected by the code. The code could protect people who are not personally identifie d by one of the grounds. The big question arises on whether one is a member of a protected group. There should be considerable intent behind how u treat mortal instead of analysis based on looks, myths and stereotypes. This is discrimination based on perceived grounds.Age could also be another reason for discrimination on may social area including employment. Younger job applicants may be discriminated on the grounds of stereotypes about youth and experience. Older employees may be discriminated on the grounds of health related and disability concerns. They should eliminate discrimination and instead base thneir decisions on the basis of actual merits, capacities and circumstances.Others are discriminated on the basis of pocket-size and considered to as minors. Some are discriminated whenever employers state the maximum and minimum age. Disability is another major point of concern. This has been claimed by a quarter of all human rights. Employers are concerned with disability rela ted concerns, and to prevent these claims and issues in a timely way, they opt to discriminate which should not be the case. They should instead apply measures such as inclusive design and develop accommodation issues.Family status is another major reason for discrimination. A persons marital status has also become a major concern. To take care of this, policies and actions should not be based on social areas. Some stereotypes that a man or a woman is of a greater value than other types of marital status should be dropped.There is also race and race related grounds of discrimination. language itself is not a ground for discrimination but it may be associated with any of the race related grounds. The same case applies to color. Ancestry and place of crease are also major causes of discrimination. Citizenship, sex, and record of offences, sex, gender identity and sexual orientation are also major causes of discrimination.However, discrimination may be stopped. These allow setting t he standards without placing blame. One should bring awareness on what is acceptable and what should be dropped. Whenever one experiences discrimination, it is good to take exception the behavior immediately. Sometimes it is good to address the challenge even if it means later in future.In the process of eliminating discrimination, it is important to know your audience your evidence and understand them. This makes it easier to drive a convincing cause and know what points you need to change.It is good to take your time and work out the best strategy in which you can address discrimination. You can also try out the advice of other in order to come up with the best strategy. One can also seek the help of others including a lawyer to know your rights. discrimination has hazardous consequences. Some of the physical consequences associated with discrimination include change of appetite, decreased energy, stress related ailments, insomnia, headaches among others. It also has emotional impacts such as anger, depression, fear, feeling of isolation, self blame and guilt. Career and academic impact include absenteesm, decreased concentration, and reduced productivity whenever one fall victim. The grades or employment records suffer because of this.The vice of discrimination also has social impacts such as alcohol and drug abuse. It leads to physical and emotional withdrawal from friends and family. Financial impacts include decrease in professional account or academic standing, decrease in future job opportunities, actual loss of jobs, scholarships and recommendations. The organization may also suffer costs of discrimination such litigation, higher employee turnover, tarnished public image, frustration and loosing sides.In conclusion, impression management is very fundamental in our daily life. Talking of impression management we mean the process with which people attempt to influence perceptions of other people, object or even designs. It may extent to professional or even public relations.There are three types of intangible consequences that are associated with discrimination. These include fines, litigation costs and also bad publicity. Litigation expenses are associate dwith employment discrimination claims. These includes the attorney fees and fact-finding expenses. There are sums of costs associated with litigation. They include punitive damages and compensatory damages. Lost income and revenue is a tangible, though difficult to measure, cause of discrimination. When the media covers such issues there may be a considerable drop in sales hence lost incomes and revenues. There are no socially responsible customers that will deficiency to be associated with supporting businesses that have been involved with scandals of social discrimination practices.Organizations use impressions such as branding as strategies to convey the brand image to orthogonal and internal audiences. Mangers have no option other than build the impressions they make on others, be it subordinates and business partners. The imperession they create is the overall effect on their brainAll in all, these are just but ways in which we create a socially stratified reality, or rather category dictated realities.Works citedDavid M. Newman, Sociology, chapter 12, The Architecture of Inequality Sex and Gender.Kate Bornstein Gender Outlaw vintage books New York, 1995David M. Newman, sociology, Chapter 14 Architects of change Reconstructing SocietyDavid M. Newman, sociology, Chapter 10 The Architecture of Stratification Social Class and Inequality

Target Market Segments Profile Marketing Essay

Target Market Segments Profile Marketing EssayCadbury is a great deal diagnose with a long measure past in impudent Zealand and a loving assurance to make every person believe cheerful. Cadburyis a confectionarycomp any owned by kraft fodders. Its mainheadquarter is in Dunedin. John Cadbury shaped the business in 1824 on the name of Cadbury. The business started as a shop in a fashionable placement.A description of Cadburys and their aims of Cadbury is a worldwide company that makes market and sells exclusive strike offed java. Cadbury have done this efficaciously for all over 200 years. The cause they are so successful is because they have a comprehensible understanding of the ineluctably of their consumers, customers and other stakeholdersProduct and servicesThe particular fruit that will be the focus of this assignment is Cadbury roses. It is considered to be the best confectionary worldwide. It has al or so various sorts of flavors shapes and 100% gluten free.Market of InterestsCadbury Confectionery Ltd is the most lede instrumentalist in umber making in New Zealand. The company rebound from unhelpful media interest in 2009 to recover a lost percentage position in assessment allocate during 2010, to account for 52%, cropion it by far the major participant in umber confectionery. (Euro monitor, 2011)Chocolate is k in a flashn to be the best confectionary for everyone. The first is the upward share that high-cocoa dark chocolate makes up of the likely $350 million to $400m of chocolate each year. (Wikipedia, 2012). Dark Ghana slabs are now Whittakers major supplier, and therefore hold 20% of NZ market share, whereas cocoa Old Gold is Cadburys best ever-growing line mirror rising 70% (Whitakers, 2012)Cadbury isa confectionerycompany that makes 7.3% of the worlds, 27% of the worlds gum, and 7.4% of its chocolate. Australia and New Zealand are the largest markets in the region. Cadburys foremost chocolate bulls eye name in Australia is Cadbury Dairy Milk and in New Zealand, brand contain Cadbury Dairy Milk. Cadbury has a number one location in New Zealands confectionery marketplace by means of a 47% bring in to.Tr terminalsCadbury is a product of the Dairy Milk brand has reported a 6% increase in profits last year. The exchanges increased collect to better market.The marketing budget increased from $87m last year to $120m, which is up 10.8% in respect to sales. Marketing indeed has helped the confectionary company gross a correct deal of profit in this global economic storm. (Cadbury, 2012)Cadbury chocolates especially Dairy milk makes use of less cocoa in its production thats why its perceptivity is not bitter and color is not as dark as other chocolates. Mostly the kids and the adults too choose for this chocolate as their sweet traveling bag only because of its superiority. Cadbury is indeed a good example of how marketing strategies can help turn an unfavorable situation in to a favorable one. (Cadbury, 2012) away Environment ImpactsTechnologyCadburys long traditions of expertise specializes its tastes and texture. In this competitive market of confectionary technologies are improving consumers growing tastes as well as preference. Chocolate existence is a greatly tasteful computer controlled procedure, with a good deal of the new professional technology and equipment individual fashioned to Cadburys own design and requirement. semipoliticalMilk chocolate be required to each be 2020, with a lowest amount of 20% dried out cocoa solids and a lowest amount of 20% milk solids. Dairy Milk is this kind of milk chocolate. (Skills lacuna, 2012)The Food Standards Agency is accountable for checking that the rule is uphold for the security of resources that pursue into get in touch with with foodstuff and labeling. Labels have to hold certain in sequence e.g. the manufactured goods name, the companys name, a list of ingredient, particular storage space directions). company include to make definit e they know what the rule is and that they be traditional to it. Two important laws are shown in the graph belowFood Safety Act, 1990 Sale and Supply of Goods Act, 1994Covers four main areas Goods must1. Labeling 1. Be of a satisfactory tincture2. Additives 2. Fit the description given3. Composition (or content) 3. Be fit for their purpose as made known to the seller4. Public health and hygiene.(Source Skillsspace, 2012)EconomicsCadbury Dairy Milk chocolate is the leader chocolate in overall New Zealand. It almost holds 47% of New Zealands confectionary market share in todays market. The scale of Cadbury Dairy Milk chocolate going Fair trade is massive with more(prenominal) than 5.7 million Fair trade sensible Cadbury Dairy Milk chocolate blocks in New Zealand and estimated 350 million Fair trade Certified Cadbury Dairy Milk chocolate blocks globally in 2010. (Cadbury, 2012).Cadbury has ornament NZ$69 million to revolve Dunedin into a professional factory and protected developed and jobs in New Zealand.In the wake up of growing working and element expenses Cadbury is dropping developed costs so its crop bewilder at the anchor sensible at the leave.Social culturesourceToday Cadburys have become a company who have a culture, which is concerned in keeping its stakeholders joyful. all along with this and the improvement in technology Cadburys have now lost its wide employee var. and replace it with machinery and at the moment just spend sufficient employees to stay the equipment leaving by individual stakeholder run the company has now become restricted by shareholders who are chiefly concerned in the company earth a wages (123helpme, 2011).DemographyCadbury chocolate targets kids between the age group of 5 to 10. During this age they are more likely to prefer chocolates more than any other confectionary since it is one of the best and satisfies most needs of the kids.CompetitorsAn analysis of the current competition for Cadbury chocolates are centered on the 3 most popular chocolate sold in the New Zealand market today is presented using SWOT analyses. The weakness and strengths of Cadbury Chocolate has been identified as well as the threats and opportunities.Competitors1 come onHenri Nestl provide his name to what is at the present the worlds main food and drink business, with over 280,000 workers, 456 factories in 84 countries and sales of extra than $140 billion in 2008. In our region, Nestl products have been available since the 1880s and in 1885 around 125 years ago, the company was first register in New Zealand. (Nestle, 2012)SWOT call Strengths rudimentary WeaknessesCompetitively pricedUnique tasteEstablished target market in New ZealandFew choices of chocolatesKEY OpportunitiesKEY ThreatsDifferent flavored chocolatesCompetition2 WhittakerWhittakers market a range of 250g block, slab, Sant bar and chunk in superstore In the molded Block Chocolate market, Whittakers has made a quantum jump in sale and trade sales for the bran d name at the end of May 2009 were $17 million with growth of 62.7% near enough sales at the end of May 2010 to $27.6m. This is a market so as to barely grew 12.2% (Aztec Molded Block Market MAT). (Whittaker, 2012)SWOTKEY StrengthsKEY WeaknessesVery good quality productBrand loyaltyCompetitive edgeEstablished target market in New ZealandExisting distribution marketExpensive to stealKEY OpportunitiesKEY ThreatsMore chocolate flavors could be bought outCompetition, such as lower priced chocolatesNew and better quality chocolates may take over the market3 Kit KatKit Kat is in addition a very known and wanted confectionary in the NZ market today. It normally doesnt comes up in a very large package, and is always attractively packed.SWOTKEY StrengthsKEY WeaknessesGood quality productBrand loyaltyIn business for a number of yearsEstablished target market in New Zealand provided chocolate flavorMedium qualityOnly one colorKEY OpportunitiesKEY ThreatsBring more flavorsMore colorsCompetiti on by brands with better qualityCadburyCadbury Confectionery Ltd is the the majority leading actor in chocolate confectionery in New Zealand. Cadbury is a make with a extended history in New Zealand and a neurotic promise to creation everybody think cheerful. Cadburyis aconfectionerycompany owned byKraft Foods.SWOTKEY StrengthsKEY WeaknessesHigh quality productCompetitively pricedCompetitive edgeEstablished target market in New ZealandExisting distribution marketExpensive to buyKEY OpportunitiesKEY ThreatsBring out more new flavors, different taste and different colorsCompetition, such as lower priced chocolatesTarget Market segments profileCadbury chocolate targets kids between the age group of 5 to 10. During this age they are more likely to prefer chocolates more than any other confectionary since it is one of the best and satisfies most needs of the kids.by means of customers attractive even additional anxious with healthy drinking Cadburys would be sensible to look into produc ing a near to the maroon obese or fat free chocolate variety. The return of this, at the same time as it, could open a potential marketplace wheresoever people are attractive additional conscious of strong. (123helpme, 2011)Cadbury the chocolate leader aims to target kids between the age group of 5 to 10 who consume chocolate the most. Though it does not have any specific segmentation targets therefore Cadbury chocolates are eaten by people of all ages, sexes, cultures, educational backgrounds, regions and on all occasions. It is not just for a taste but also people taste it on the celebration occasions. However, there is some differentiation targeting as a variety of Cadbury products are available to cater for the individual needs of different groups of customers. For example, a family block (350g) is available for families.Internal Environment impactsFinancial analysisCadbury have invest NZ dollar 69 million in the direction of twist Dunedin keen on a professional industrial unit and secure developed and jobs in New Zealand. Cadbury Confectionery today established that the reform of its New Zealand and Australian developed process into specialized Centers of developed fineness is in its last phase. The picture in the beginning announce reverse in September 2007 (by means of a additional message in August year 2008) have by now see asset of $NZ69 million to get better the output, and insecure the extended-phrase chance, of its New Zealand developed operation. (Cadbury.co.nz, 2012)Internal organization and structureCadbury organization is base on a self-governing organization method decision be complete as a effect of a discussion procedure connecting all members of the organization. Cadbury Schweppes also have two separate structure. The arrangement that they use for their panel of director has be re-calculated to clarify accountability and facilitate swifter pronunciation manufacture (Source www.cadburyschweppes.com.) look at the better association organi zation it is obvious to see who is in charge of which division inside the industry. (123Helpme, 2012)Manufacturing/services processes -make your own and explainFirstly the research on how the chocolate would be designed and how it would taste is prepared, ingredients and recipes are added, such as, milk, cocoa, palm oil and other grocery products, then there is the production process, and after the product is ready it is set for packaging. Consumer trials are then taken, fittings are made and finaly the product is launched in the market.Human ResourceEach of Cadburys factory contain a HR branch, which treaty with the factories require for. Human resource planning is the process whereby organization agree on the staffing maintain they will need to gather business needs and customer demands. There are a range of consideration that impact this planning, together with approaching retirements and transition, the ease of use of staff with positive skill sets and modification in the atmos phere that may want preparation for existing workers.5) ManagementA young man named Richard Hudson arrived in the year 1868 in Dunedin and started a cooky business, which was a great success. He purchased and operate the primary chocolate and cocoa developed place Southern Hemisphere in the year 1884.R Hudson and attach to joined with Cadbury in the year 1930, therefore it be in this year so as to the initial block of Cadbury chocolate made in New Zealand roll off a Dunedin manufacture line.The company became Cadbury Confectionery Ltd in the year 1991 among a lot of of the lollies and sweet re-recognized as Pascall. Cadbury become an element of the Kraft food public on 2nd February 2010. Their heritage continues till date, therefore Cadbury foodstuffs are a huge hit by Kiwis all over the place6) Research and Development-what have they done doing?They are persistent champion of nonstop development identify new program and insight to profit the trade, considerably causative and cr ook the way of strategic initiative to influence us to a sustainable spirited benefit. (Itsyourkindofplace, 2011)Marketing FunctionCadbury believes that parents and guardians are the most important influence in the development of children. They do not advertise where children under the age of eight years are likely to be the majority of the audience. They also do not believe that its appropriate to sell our confectionery products through vending machines in primary schools and we will not do so.LocationCadbury is a brand with a long history in New Zealand. In New Zealand the main factory is in Dunedin. (Wikipedia, 2012).Competitive Positioning(euromonitor, 2012)The chart above explains the marketing position of the Cadbury chocolate and its three competitors.Ethical StandingCadbury is committed to growing responsibly. They consider answerable business comes from listen and knowledge, and have in place a clear CSR vision and policy. Vision Working together to create brands people lov e. (Sportspromedia, 2010)Cadbury is a leading trade name in fundraising and provide its associates, The House of Fundraising and Interworld Fundraising, with a variety of topmost advertising products from Cadbury. (Cadbury, 2012), therefore they think about CSR as a optimistic supplier to their competitive strategy. Increasingly they think of it as more about doing in charge things valuably than just doing the gainful effects responsibly.OthersAn additional extremely winning TV campaign that Cadbury has launch in recent times is Moro 4th best which encourage Kiwis to provide it a go and celebrate the runner up as all Kiwis can

Electronic Health Record Benefits

electronic Health Record BenefitsThe electronic wellness put down is a mean of organizing affected roles data making use in the palm of information technology. Its purpose is to fulfill the various needs for information not only of patients and wellness sustenance providers precisely also of other beneficiaries. The accomplishation of electronic wellness say administration in wellness perplexity organization is very complex and involves many parameters.IntroductionElectronic health record is currently use by 12% of the desexs and 11% of the hospitals nationwide. Industry and government have promoted Electronic health record as a means of controlling make ups and up patients care. The electronic health record has become unriv bothed of president obama main agenda and the investing needful to ensure that within the coming years, altogether of Americas aesculapian records are computerized. Today with the advance of globalization the electronic health record is st ill highly unlikely to advance in the bordering volt years, governmental, good and industry advances are adopting, which exit drive the electronic health record in the hands of checkup examination providers. The electronic health record (E.H.R) is a digital record of patient health information gen termted by oneness or more encounters in any care saving setting. It contains information of the patient includes demographics, problems, medications, indispensable signs, past(a) aesculapian account statement, laboratory data and radiology report .The electronic health record also promises the removal of many barriers in the medical issue such(prenominal) as saving lives, money, and time, but unfortunately the fulfillment of this promise in the real adult male application has remained with a big question pit collect to many factors cost of performance, privacy and security. The following graph is the result of survey experts at nearly 3000 meeting suffice nationwide. T he table below lists barriers to Electronic health record adoption.well known factors such as security and cost are cited as key factors, but other factors which is usability is not mentioned shop is another barrier to the electronic health record adoption.Usability is a primary matter toUsability issues are also a factor why electronic health record implementation fails. In a survey paper primary care physicians were asked the reasons why they did not use the electronic health record administration. From the question purpose 35% of the physicians listed specific electronic health record usability issues, the most common were Problems with the screen navigation, and the lack of functioning and the concern that the data bequeath be lost.Anecdotal support for usability and Electronic health record failure comes from Cedars- Sinai medical centre of Los Angeles. They developed a $ 34 million computerized physician order plan of attackion arranging, but only included the input o f a few physicians before launching it hospital wide in 2002 without thorough training Physicians who priorly employ to return key notes by hand now required going through nearly a dozen screens and moveing through numerous alerts for even common orders. conventional relates around 400 of them demanded its removal within three months of its launch. Poor usability bath also endanger patients health. The electronic health record should be modernized dowery the clinician workflow. In the year 1991, the institute of medicine released a report supporting the idea of implementing the Electronic health record within the coming years. In 2010, look forers cogitate only a abject portion of health providers both public and private implementing the schema. The implementation of electronic health record provides answers to many barriers in the medical serviceman.BackgroundAn electronic health record is a digital or electronic record of the patient health information ga at that plac ed over the history of the patients interaction with the health care carcass. An electronic health record stores all information concerning the patient health statues. Information varies and includes the following age/sex, medications, and vital signs, past medical history, laboratory data and radiology report. The concept of a medical report goes back to the fifth century B.C developed by the Greek physician Hippocrates, also known as the Hippocratic Oath. Hippocrates described deuce main goals behind his descryings 1- a medical record should accurately reflect the course of disorder 2- a medical record should indicate the problem cause of the disease. In the present days, the electronic health record first began to appear in the 1960s. report that at least 73 hospitals began to use the electronic health record administration. In 1991, the institute of medicine released a landmark report recommending the electronic health record be implemented in health system within 10 years. Almost 20 years later, concord to the latest researchers only a small portion of health providers have implemented electronic health record. A Meta analysis of diffusion rates of the electronic health record in the linked States shows that an uptake has slowed in recent years. The theme concludes Electronic health record is the in store(predicate). President Obama administration has the electronic health record as one of its primarily agenda the investment necessary to ensure that within the next five years, all of Americas medical records are computerized. While still with the advance of globalization the electronic health record is highly unlikely within the next five years, governmental, technical and industry advances are adopting, which impart drive the electronic health record in the hands of medical providers. The electronic health record also promises the removal of many barriers in the medical field such as saving lives, money, and time. The question is still debatabl e whether the whole founding will move towards the implementation of the Electronic health record. The electronic health record is one of the most important electronic patient data collection of our time and with the expanding cosmos of the world it has become a necessity to implement the system in all public and private hospitals. The G.C.C regionLiterature reviewThe panoramas concerning the confident(p) effects an E.H.R flowerpot have on patients health and whether all the healthcares in the world should step in and implement the system. The collection of personal health data is described to have many formats when speaking of systems that manage it. Reduction of the storage necessary to keep paper charts is also a noted as a reason to leverage an E.H.R freeing up of space better used for tax income generation. Paper charts have their own risk associated with them in terms of getting lost, productivity impacts to maintain and retrieve paper records and the resulting negative patient care (Carpenter 2002). An electronic health record system is the collection of data that is central to the patient (Rishel, Handler Edwards, 2005). These opinions agree the importance of the E.H.R and implementation of the system. An E.H.R system exists to facilitate the storage, revival and tenacity of the record itself (Gans, Kralewski, Hammons Does, 2005). These opinions also strongly agree with the improvisation of the Medical record with the advances with science and technology. reversing the scenario, an E.H.R system can collect and aggregate information from other sources such as laboratory, X-ray and unstructured data like faxes or handwritten notes ( Wojcik, 2006) the scholar Wojcik agrees strongly with the use of E.H.R talking about the positive of the E.H.R reduces the storage of handwritten notes and stacks and piles of paper. The near term presents providers with realizing the digitization of the boxes of paper that is generated by patient encounters. These pa per databases represent the clinical data that is ultimately needed to take EMR systems to the next level. The near term presents providers with realizing the digitization of the boxes of paper that is generated by patient encounters. These paper databases represent the clinical data that is ultimately needed to take EMR systems to the next level. Clinical data is the baseline in which all healthcare processes subscribe including decision support, health outcome analysis, billing and claims processing and health maintenance. Correlation and access to this data is what EMR systems seek to facilitate (Handler Hieb, 2007). Electronic health record systems, once materially implemented across the healthcare spectrum, will itself become the framework in which more overarching goals can be accomplished, such as the centralisation of a persons health history. With Clinical data as a basis, further utilization of EMR systems can occur. EMR systems, once materially implemented across the hea lthcare spectrum, will itself become the framework in which more overarching goals can be accomplished, such as the centralization of a persons health history (Gartner. Currently, about 25 percent of U.S physicians are using systems that facilitate electronic health records (Murdock, 2007). E.H.R has become a primary concern in the medical world and the match to past literature review in this generation we find that it more or less of the scholars are concerned with the paper kit and boodle as they say that the E.H.R will help save doctors a lot of time and makes the process more efficient. Some scholars say that paper establish system is very negative as it leads to losing important patient data which susceptibility confuse the doctor in prescribing proper medication to the patient. There are differences of opinion but according to most scholars the E.H.R is a vital tool in solving many of the issues that both public and private hospitals face around the worldQuestionnaire Resu ltsThe questionnaire focuses on the importance of the E.H.R system and its implementation in the United States of America at a nation wide level. With maturateing medical demands around the worldHypothesis one resultsOur research finding indicate that the U.S government is encouraging the country medical net plant to start using the E.H.RHypothesis two resultsOur research finding according to 430 surveyors say that 55.1 % of their medical practices use the Electronic health record systemHypothesis three resultsOur research finding shows that majority of the surveyors have a positive outlook that majority of the medical practices will start using the E.H.R between the next 1 to 2 yearsHypothesis four resultsOur research finding shows that 41.8% of the surveyors believe that their medical providers will qualify for the Medicare and Medicaid programsHypothesis five resultsOur research finding again shows a positive outlook of the near prox as 65% of the surveyors say that their pract ices will qualify for the Medicare and Medicaid programs by the end of 2011Hypothesis six resultsOur research finding again shows that the U.S government financial bonus can upgrade the performance of E.H.R surveyors helped us with the conclusion that government financial backing to the Medicaid and Medicare programs can advance the medical performance in the near futureHypothesis seven resultsOur research finding states the importance of the U.S government test the E.H.R program before purchasing them according to the surveyors 71% agreed the importance of testing the systems before implementing them nationwideHypothesis eight resultsOur research finding concluded that most of the clinicians hire 1-5 physicians which is low according to the demands of medical needs of our current eraCase StudyQuestions and answers regarding on implementing the electronic health record (Case Study).The case study focuses on the systematic reviews and the effects of electronic health record system can have in the medical area if implemented at nationwide level. In the G.C.C the electronic health record is still current and according to our case study taken from the united states we want to find whether implementing the electronic health record system will add value to the medical sector or not.Will electronic health record improve patients health outcome?In a review evidence results in two study cases came up with the following resultIn 2004 a systematic review conducted 3 study cases that reported patients outcomes, no benefit was the conclusionIn 2008 an analytical survey of several U.S patients found very few data or no association between the use of electronic health records and the improvement of patients outcomesIn the end of the study there was no evidence linking between electronic health record with better patient outcomesWill electronic health record improve the choice of care?Evidence proves that the following result qualification occur on the electronic health record if implemented in practiceIn 2004 a review of 26 studies analyzed several outcomes related to the quality of patient physician encounters and with the research it discovered a sharp fling in provision of preventing careIn 2006 a review on health information technologies and their impact on quality, efficiency and cost findings were Increased affixation to guidelines based care, advanced surveillance and monitoring and a decline in medication errorsIn 2007 a study of data from some community health centers over the course of one year concluded that while electronic health record related costs had not been recovered, the quality of care alter In 2008 a review on the advantages and costs of electronic patient Concluded that concerning the influence of EPRs on the quality of care The studies did not clearly station a clear answer to the questions of BenefitIn 2009 a review of 7 countries encounter implementing health information systems concluded that they had a neutral eng ender where neither benefit nor harm between the system implementation and quality of careThe conclusion of the study indicates that the electronic health record has a positive effect on the quality of care however some of the reviews still find it neutral so the opinions of the doctors and physicians are still conflicting.Will the Electronic health record be cost effective?In 2003 cost benefit analysis on the electronic health record in primary care settings concludes that electronic health record can result in positive return on investmentIn 2007 review on informatics system designed to improve care of chronic disease found that both cost effectiveness and adherence were significantly improvedIn 2008 report on the United States budget office summarized evidence supporting the practice of health information technologies describes the benefits on cost saving as curbIn 2010 discernment on the quality of care resulting from hospital computerization concludes that currently implement ed hospital computing might improve process measures of quality but not administrative or overall costsThe research cite modest cost benefit associated with electronic health record, however based on results for small trails or projections based on modeling empirical evidence supporting the cost effectiveness on electronic health record remains limited or conflictingWill the electronic health service save time and improve the efficiency of health services delivery?In 2006 a review of quality measures on the use of electronic health records indicated that the lack of implementing health services has been demonstrated, but the author notes that the outcome is limited to a wider health service providerA systematic review in the year 2008 analyzed six studies that addressed electronic health record with respect to reference point time, one study found the decrease in consultation time and the other found no differenceA 2008 report from the United States congressional budget office summ arized evidence supporting the adoption of health information technologies described the evidence around efficiency as conflictingIn 2009 a review examined the impact on regional health information system and figured that, studies were of variable scope and quality improves the medical data access, timely information, and medical data exchange and improvement in communication and coordination within a region between health care professionalsWhile there are some evidence supporting an association between the electronic health record and efficiency, there is also evidence which does not support this conclusionWill electronic health record improve physicians and patients satisfaction?In 2004 a review found that results were mixed with both the patients and physicians expressing enthusiasm for electronic health record and on the other hand expressing significant concerns about the impact of their use on a variety of outcomesA 2009 review of seven united based studies examined patient sa tisfaction with the electronic health record and figured that one out of seven studies reported a positive effect on patient satisfaction, five out of seven studies reported a neutral effect and one out of seven studies reported a negative effectEvidence on patients and physician satisfaction is scarceAn interview with Dr Michael Shuskho on the electronic health recordAs a professional in your field how do you find the electronic health record system?Michael the E.H.R is an advanced system which is very useful for doctors especially in the current Era. It provides better patient care, and makes a aeonian record that is legible that other doctors can review the system and also actually streamlines patient careWill the electronic health record improve efficiency and reduce timeMichael yes, the electronic health record is a valuable system to most of the doctors because it replaces the piles of paper and with a few rupture on your computer screen the doctor can view all the patients past medical record and send all the information to the other doctor within minutesIs the electronic health record system better than the manual paper based system?Michael yes, the E.H.R is clearer and safer than the manual system provided that it is used care replete(p)y. Exg a doctor can view patients X-Ray, picture of his electro cardio graph in a practically clearer and digitalized form while in the paper based system the pages might wear or get old and by the time the picture of the X-Ray gets more aged, it makes it hard for the doctor to identify the exact diagnosisIs it cheaper to implement an electronic health record?Michael The electronic health record system is expensive and the start up cost of the Medicaid and Medicare programs is high but in the presbyopic term it will eventually become cheaper for the clinics and hospitals to use themWhat are the barriers that prevents the electronic health record system by being in practice at a larger scaleMichael some doctors who arent familiar with updated technology and use practical manuals prefer not to implement the E.H.R in their clinics. Another barrier to the electronic health record is the upfront cost which is expensive and the some doctors find it hard adapting to the systemDr. Michael one last question before we conclude our interview. In your personal opinion will the E.H.R be mandatory by 2015 in the U.SMichael I assume the probability that the electronic health record system might be mandatory in the U.S and the government might take actions in seeing that all the practices and clinics use the systemThe implementation of the E.H.R IN Kuwait and Bahrainestablish on our research we have found that the electronic health record still needs to adapt at a global scale and the system is new to the G.C.C countries compared to the western countries such as United States, United Kingdom. Kuwait started using the E.H.R in 2005 in private and public clinics replacing the paper based system. According to t he hypothesis questions and results in the U.S case studies it shows clearly that the E.H.R is on the way of improving and use the E.H.R rather than the traditional filing system. Bahrain is also taking a step further in implementing the system and the public and private clinics and with the help of the MGA methodology and the case study we have come with proposed solutions and the benefits that the kingdom of Bahrain and other G.C.C countries will achieve through the E.H.RDecember 2010The health ministry in Bahrain will launch its national e-files project early 2011. It will cost the ministry between BD 25 cardinal to BD 30 million. Files of patients at salmaniya Medical complex and health centers will be converted into e-files. The first phase will cost BD 1.5 million and include all SMC and health care patients. Private hospitals and clinics can also be part of the system by paying a feeThe health parson give tongue to that many countries were struggling to meet the challenges of providing adequate health care for citizens. Changing demographics increased patients expectations, a global shortage of health professionals and rising costs associated with sophisticated technologies and new drugs means that healthcare is consuming an increasingly large proportion of gross domestic product and is becoming a priority for most governments.The minister also discussed Bahrain healthcare agenda through some strategic objectives which includes health promotion and prevention by strengthening primary healthcare services, the provision of quality health services by maintaining international accreditation of facilities and enhancing access to all health care services (Gulf Daily News- emailprotected)Plan for online health servicePatients in Bahrain whitethorn soon be able to manage their healthcare online. Patients know best (PKB) enables people to communicate securely with doctors and nurses, access their medical records and send and receive health data. The medical group was founded two years ago by Bahraini Dr Mohammed Al Ubaydli in the United Kingdom. He has more than 15 years of experience in the medical software and trained as a physician at the Cambridge University. The expert worked as a staff scientist at the national institutes of health and was a management consultant to US hospitals at the Advisory board company and is the author of six books. PKB is the first company to integrate into Britains NHS secures connecting for patients to work online with clinicians. The group was voted as the best social innovation start up at tech crunch europas European start up awards 2010. At least two hospitals in Bahrain as well as others in the UAE and Malta have shown interest in signing up to the initiative. In the U.K, PKB affiliates includes great Ormond St hospital, Thalidomide Trust, Cure Parkinson and Two NHS hospitals will also sign up soonAccessDr Al Ubaydli said hospitals and medical centers that have affiliated with the PKB give their pa tients an online ability to securely access their medical documents, history and test results, have online consultations with their doctors and receive prescriptions. Once you give the medical record to the patient they can give them to their GP, relatives, social workers and so on he told the GDN. The patient can start an online consultation with any doctor they have added, it works a bit like the face book. They can also deliberate their doctor at any time say, for example, their child is taking medication but develops a fever at 3am and they can go online and ask the doctor how to adjust their medication. The system asks automated questions that your doctor would ask so that when the doctor sees this in the morning it saves them a lot of time and they can quickly respond with advice. ( Gulf Daily News 8 Dec 2010)The articles concludes the following resultsThe kingdom of Bahrain is taking new measures in implementing the E.H.R in the G.C.C and mena regionMany of today healthcares can be solved through networkingGlobalize E.H.R SystemNetworking communication is an intermediary between practicing doctors implementing the E.H.R in their private clinics or public clinics. The information process is much faster through communication networks which reduces time, saves lives and improves efficiency Exg Steve Dr Akram Favorite doctor has a patient and needs hint solution to a problem through a communication network can achieve his goal browsing the Globalize E.H.R network finding solutions through other Doctors specialized in that field.An E.H.R system that works like a face bookDoctors can log on their account and log on the system with other health professionals and discuss emergency situations and provide solutionsThe problems can be solved through fast communication and accurate knowledge the tacit knowledgekey challenges to health practitioners implementing the E.H.R in the GCC countries make up of implementation is not offset by the efficiencies in the E.H.R Technical support needs to be modified due to the advancement in ITStress on staff and the practice in general was significantA 2007 review article recommended strong physician leadership and a staged approach to prospering implementationIn 2010 an article challenged conventional assumptions that the physicians were to blame for low uptake of electronic health record. Electronic medical records vary greatly in capability, quality, and cost. Doctors will become enthusiastic users if the electronic medical records are helpful in the care of their patientsThere are significant challenges associated with implementing E.H.R in the Mena or G.C.C countriesBenefits of networking for the G.C.C RegionImproves patient care through greater access to informationReduces test result timesDecrease paper work for cliniciansIntegrate communicationHelps ensure that patient medical data and stats are there when patients need to find his/ her test resultsCompliance with privacy regulationsProposed solu tions for the electronic health recordA 2008 synthesis of 3 qualitative studies identifies essential components of successful electronic health record implementationA project championRealistic expectation of the challenges of implementing an electronic health recordAddressing existing staff attitude towards ITProvide adequate training to staffA systematic review of 7 countries experience implementing health information system in primary care identified the following factorsQuality of the graphical user interface and feature functionalityQuality of implementation project managementUsers previous experience with information technology systemsThe Electronic health record today applicationThe adoption of the electronic health record is difficult to overcome due to the lack of the return on investment. Scholars and writers on the subject noted that health care decision makers find it difficult to demonstrate return on investment to undertake a comprehensive electronic health record syste m within their organization. The health care costs continue to increase and the fact that the initial investment on equipment can be quite expensive. Another fact that complicates the adoption of the electronic health record is that the data is heavily structured, being save in the allotted space. Training is an important issue and this is required by a large amount of population. One should keep in mind that the population has different levels of computer literacy (Upham 2004). These contributors of the electronic health services contributed to a slow increase in the adoption of such systems in many hospitals. In a survey question regarding the E.H.R and the implementation of the method out of 436 who have responded to the question, 35.6% said that they have already implemented the electronic health services. The percentage is expected to grow in the coming years of application. The G.C.C is taking all the necessary step in implementing the system with an enhanced knowledge in the field and the governments should test all the Medicare and Medicaid programs before implementing the systemThe Evolution of the Electronic Health RecordThe electronic health record is an open field of debate amongst the doctors, physicians, clinicians and scholars. In the electronic implementation of such records, we may also expect to find populations of patients, integrated access to biomedical literature and interactive environment for offering clinical guidelines or advisory advice. Throughout ages the world is becoming more globalized and in the age of science and technology the computer is being the number one tool. The (local area network) is connected to the full internet, with an integrated access to a wide variety of information sources that are geographically distributed well beyond local institutions.The electronic health record system is expanding worldwide and some of the future implementationAn enhanced internet an internet with much higher bandwidth and reliability , increased response time and financial models that makes the application cost effective and practical is required. Major research effort is underway to address some of these concerns, including the federal next generation Internet activity in the United States exploratory effort that continue to push the state of art in internet technology, and all significant implication for the future of health care delivery in general for computer- based health record in particularBetter Education and health care training for health care providers there is a difference between computer literacy (familiarity with computers and the routine users in society) and the knowledge of the role that computing and communication technology can and should play in our health care system. More medical information training programs and the expansion of existing programs are needed. Junior faculty in health science schools who may call to seek additional training in this area should be supportedChanges in the m anagement and organization of health care institution health care provide some of the most complex organizational structures in society, and it is simplistic to assume the off shelf products will be smoothly introduced into a new institution without major analysis.DiscussionThe project mainly discusses on electronic health record system that the implementation of the idea goes back to Hippocrates who laid the invertebrate foot in the 5th century and by the following years doctors, physicians, pharmacists and clinicians tried to improvise the idea of the health record system on paper but in the 1960s the standards of the paper based changed to the electronic health record systems and hospitals welcomed the new system which was more efficient and reduces paperwork and time. The electronic health record according to numerous researches and articles emphasized that the system should be introduced worldwide. the G.C.C region is expanding in both size and capacity since the countries lik e Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Uae opened door to foreign investment in their respected countries. Our research focuses on the implementation of the E.H.R in the U.S and the results of the case study gave us a better understanding on whether to implement the system in the G.C.C countries. The results were positive and the need of the system is becoming compulsory in our world today. Kuwait have already

Sub-Saharan Civilizations Essay -- History, African Civilizations

The textbook has defined a nicety as a sophistication of a peoples intellectual, cultural, and artistic traditions (149). It continues to describe characteristics such as writing, the development of cities, as well as a state bureaucracy as a means of recognizing civilizations (149). These, while a general guide, do not and should not solely determine whether or not a society is a civilization as there are many other factors to take into account. Africa, for example, differed from Europe and Asia tremendously in organization, among many other ways (149). While many African societies did not consist of all these characteristics, many were literate and developed urban populations (149). The lack of state bureaucracy within an African society, or an absence of some other characteristic alone, should not solely determine whether or not a society is a civilization (149). One must take other factors into musing because the civilizations of one region, do not mimic that of others. The ge ographic location and make up of the African continent hindered Sub Saharan contact with the...

Drug Resistance Rising Among Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Cases Essay

Drug Resistance Rising Among mycobacteria tuberculosis CasesAbstractDrug resistance has been increasing among patients infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Previous miracle drugs that were used in the 1950s have now been proven useless in many cases simply because the bacteria are not susceptible to antibiotics such as isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and so on when they are taken. This pathogen is easily transmitted through air and has the capability of attacking the respiratory system and creating fatal consequences if not treated properly. A lot of state who contri simplye to the antibiotic loathsome statistics are those that do not take medication accordingly. Even though the bacterium may not be resistant at first, it can eventually become resistant when it exchanges genes with already resistant bacterium. This paper will focus on specific antibiotics and their abilities to fight drug resistance.Mycobacterium tuberculosis was once phenomenally cured by simple antibiot ics such as isoniazid, rifampin, streptomycin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol, but recently, this pathogen has become antibiotic resistant to once useful drugs (Davies, 1999). antibiotic drug resistance occurs when microorganisms become immune to specific drugs that are prescribed by doctors to kill other microorganisms. Usually, bacteria can be eradicated because they are single celled organisms but when drugs become defiant, they do not function properly. When antibiotics are taken, they enter the bloodstream and interfere with all microbes in the dead body while also altering body functions (Bren FDA, 2003). Sometimes antibiotics may not necessarily target its wanted target but instead, they attack both harmful and benign bacteria. When the bacteria that are sus... ...inistration. 7-27-05 http//www.fda.gov/fdac/features/2002/402_bugs.htmlDavies, P. (1999, March). Multi-Drug yucky Tuberculosis. Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis. 7-27-05 http//www.priory.com/cmol/TBMultid.htmKimba ll, J. (2003, August). Genetic Recombination in Bacteria. Genetic Recombination in Bacteria. 7-27-05 http//users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/A/Avery.htmlPadilla, M. (2005). Tuberculosis. Encarta. 7-27-05 http//encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761576449/Tuberculosis.htmlSomoskovi, A. (2001, April). The Molecular Basis of Resistance to Isoniazid, Rifampin, and Pyrazinamide in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Respiratory Research. 7-27-05 http//respiratory-research.com/content/2/3/164(2005). Pathology of TB. The Internet Pathology Laboratory for Medical Education. 7-27-05 http//www-medlib.med.utah.edu/WebPath/TUTORIAL/MTB/MTB.html