Lady Macbeth Is Responsible for the Fall of Macbeth

Lady Macbeth is responsible for the fall of her husband It can be said that Lady Macbeth is responsible for the fall of Macbeth. I believe that she was partly responsible for this. I believe that two sets of people are responsible for the fall of Macbeth.. Secondly I believe that Lady Macbeth is responsible for his fall. She urges him to kill Duncan questioning his manly-hood and saying that he was too kind. Finally I believe that the witches played a huge part in the fall of Macbeth. The witches put the thought of being king into Macbeth’s head in the first place.They also convinced him that he was invincible and this caused his ultimate death. I believe that Lady Macbeth is partly responsible for the fall of Macbeth. She plans and forces Macbeth to murder starting the chain reaction to his downfall. When Lady Macbeth read the letter that Macbeth sent her about his encounter with the witches she immediately starts planning Duncan’s murder. â€Å"The raven himself is h oarse That croaks the fatal entrance of Duncan Under my battlements† Lady Macbeth plans the whole murder and if Duncan had not looked like her father she would have done it herself. Had he not resembled My father as he slept, I had done’t† She forces Macbeth to carry out the murder even though he expresses that he doesnt want to do it. â€Å"We will proceed no further in this business:† â€Å"I have no spur to prick the sides of my intent, but only vaulting ambition ,which o’erlaps itself And falls on the other† Lady Macbeth accuses Macbeth of not loving her and questions his manly-hood in order to manipulate him into murdering Duncan. â€Å"When you durst do it then you were a man, And to be a more to be that what you were, you would e so much more the man† Lady Macbeth uses Macbeth’s lack of confidence to win him over and force him to finish the murder. â€Å"Art thou afeard To be the same in thine own act and valour As thou a rt in desire? † She thinks he is too â€Å"full of the milk of kindness† to fulfil the deed. This forced Lady Macbeth to convince him and manipulate him into killing Duncan. We see Lady Macbeth transform throughout the play. At the start of the play she may have been the catalyst to Macbeth rise and fall from power but by the end of the play she didn’t feature.She lost control of her mind from the guilt was suffering. Once Macbeth was king the relationship between the two disintegrated and they no longer confided in one another. Macbeth showed his true colours when he ordered for all the Macduff family to be killed, children and all. Lady Macbeth had nothing to do with this and therefore cannot be blamed entirely for Macbeth’s fall and ultimate death. Secondly, I believe that Macbeth was in some ways responsible for his own downfall. He was ambitious and strived to be the king.Once he became King he strived to stay King and became very suspicious and paran oid of all people in his country. Finally, the witches are partly responsible for Macbeth’s downfall. They meet Macbeth and Banquo on the way home from battle and they meet three witches. The witches tell Macbeth that he will become Thane of Cawdor and eventually King of Scotland. â€Å"All hail Macbeth! Hail to thee Thane of Glamis† â€Å"All Hail Macbeth! Hail to thee Thane of Cawdor† â€Å"All Hail Macbeth! Thou shalt be king hereafter.! †At first Macbeth doesn’t believe them but when he becomes Thane of Cawdor things start to make sense to him. After this he starts getting murderous thought and the fall of Macbeth begins. Macbeth is ambitious and his personality changes when he believes he can be king. He loses all his nobility and honour. â€Å"Glamis and Thane of Cawdor! The greatest is behind! † The witches also play another role in the fall and ultimate death of Macbeth. Macbeth goes to the witches a second time to find out his futur e. They tell him the future in the form of three apparitions.They tell him that he must beware of Macduff, he cannot be killed by man born of woman and he will die when the Great Birnam Woods come to Dunsinane. â€Å"Macbeth! Macbeth! Macbeth! beware Macduff; Beware the thane of Fife. † â€Å"Be bloody, bold, and resolute; laugh to scorn The power of man, for none of woman born Shall harm Macbeth. † â€Å"Be lion-melted, proud; and take no care Who chafes, who frets, or where conspirers are: Macbeth shall never vanquish'd be until Great Birnam wood to high Dunsinane hill Shall come against him. †He believes every word of the witches to be gospel and this cause his ultimate death. He is convinced that he cannot die that he is invincible. When Macduff confronts Macbeth he tells him of their prophecy. As a result of the prophecy Macbeth believes he is invincible and this allows Macduff and his troops to get very close to Macbeth and this causes his death at the end of the play. â€Å"I bear a charmed life, which must not yield To one born of woman† The witches manipulated Macbeth into thinking he could fulfil the prophecy and become King of Scotland

Oedipus the King Essay

One of the most important literary devices used by Sophocles in his play Oedipus the King is what is known to modern critics as the â€Å"Greek Chorus. † The chorus was an important part of Greek tragedy, not only in the plays of Sophocles, but in the work of many other playwrights as well. Sophocles, in addition to incorporating well-known myths and historical motifs into his play, used the chorus as an additional method by which to ensure the audience’s understanding of the action on the stage. He also used the chorus to help the audience to feel a sense of a participation in the action of the play and to direct their sense of the plot and to focus the audience’s sympathy on appropriate characters. The use of the chorus in Greek tragedy was, as mentioned, a common literary device, but Sophocles is well known for being a creative adapter of conventions and in his hands, the chorus functions in myriad capacities, some obvious and some subtle. In order to appreciate the importance of the chorus in a play like Oedipus the King, it is crucial to first have an understanding of how the chorus traditionally functioned in Greek tragedy. Physically, the chorus was made up of â€Å"an anonymous group of fifteen† (Taplin 12) who, in addition to functioning as characters within the play, proper, also participated in the orchestra, providing â€Å"musical accompaniment [†¦ ] on the aulos, a double pipe with reeds [†¦ ] the aulos-player stood in the orchestra, also in tragic costume† (Taplin 12). The chorus also chanted, snag, and danced â€Å"the choral odes which divide the acts of tragedy† (Taplin 12) while occasionally singing or chanting † in lyric dialogue with the actors† (Taplin 12) . In addition to these roles, the traditional chorus also featured a leader: â€Å"the koryphaios, probably distinguished slightly by costume† (Taplin 12) who might also contribute dialogue to the play. Furthermore, the chorus held a connotation for Greek audiences which is all but unknowable to modern observers and this connotation relates to the presence of â€Å"chorale† bodies of chorus-like arrangements in everyday Greek society. Even the rudimentary aspects of the chorus in its theatrical incarnation: singing and dancing, held for the Greeks, a very different social and cultural resonance than for moderns. In Greek life, † a chorus was an integral part of many communal occasions, religious and secular—festivals, weddings, funerals, victory celebrations,† (Taplin 13) and the chorus also helped to lend a sense of ritual and ceremony to â€Å"all ‘festive’ occasions in Greek life† (Taplin 13). As such, the chorus as a literary device held for the Greeks in relation to theater: â€Å"a prominent and important place [†¦ ] in the performance as a whole† (Taplin 13). The distinction between ancient and modern observers is a very important distinction to make when discussing the Greek chorus as a literary device. Quite simply, for the modern observer, the best understanding of the function of the chorus may well be that the modern observer should regard the chorus as a kind of bridge between the mythical action of the play and the audience who observes this action. In fact some critics assert that this â€Å"bridge† role was also intended by Greek playwrights who used the chorus and specifically intended to be used this way by Sophocles in Oedipus the King. For these critics, the chorus represents â€Å"an â€Å"ideal spectator† that directs our thought and attention† (Hogan 44) and this is an intentional function of the chorus as a literary device as adopted by Sophocles. Obviously, in its function as a bridge between the audience and the action on the stage, the chorus in Oedipus the King plays a pivotal, rather than decorative role. For example, in relating a sense of irony to the audience, the chorus is used by Sophocles specifically â€Å"On three occasions† (Hogan 21) to provide a focal point of ironic realization on the audience’s behalf. Therefore, when â€Å"Oedipus defends his innocence [†¦ ] both he and the chorus of Athenians remain profoundly sensitive to the pollution that still clings† (Hogan 21) while, similarly, when â€Å"Oedipus rationalizes the murder† (Hogan 21) he invokes the sense of the chorus-as-court-of-law. The irony, of course, being that both the chorus and the audience are sympathetic to the plight of Oedipus just as it is hoped on Oedius’ behalf that â€Å"A court of law would be sympathetic† (Hogan 21). Another example is when Oedipus speaks to the chorus and says: â€Å"I pray god that the unseen killer, whoever he is, and whether he killed alone or had help, be cursed with a life as evil as he is, a life of utter human deprivation. † (Sophocles 28, 297-300). Here, the coryphaeus, or leader of the chorus, also speaks lines which, ironically, indicate that he â€Å"is thinking of the killer, who is much nearer for questioning than he knows† (Hogan 36). Each of these uses of the chorus by Sophocles heightens the sense of irony in the play while simultaneously promoting a sense of audience involvement and, obviously, forwarding the plot of the tragedy. The chorus is exceptionally important as a device in helping to direct the action of the play to and through the climax. The verbal interplay between Oedipus and the chorus increases near the end of the play. By inspecting â€Å"Oedipus’ words (and to the Chorus’) during the final part of the play, we will learn what beliefs and allegiances have survived† (Sophocles 14) and what little glimmer of redemption can be said to exist in the play’s tragic climax and aftermath can be gleaned from the words of the chorus, which close the play. Although Oedipus’ closing speeches are filled with pain and lamentation, the human world remains to him as â€Å"he hears the voice of the Chorus. Clarity and poise return as he tells the Chorus it was Apollo who destroyed his life, but that it was he and no one else who chose to strike out his own eyes† (Sophocles 14). The chorus,then, emerges as the target Oedipus’s confession and the implied target of the â€Å"moral† of his story. The audience, of course, is the chorus and vice-versa, so that the closing lines of the play: â€Å"Don’t call a man god’s friend until he has come through life and crossed over into death never having been god’s victim† (Sophocles 67, 1765-1766) emerge as the cathartic â€Å"lesson† distilled from the mythic action of the story, by way of the chorus, to enrich the audience’s understanding. Works Cited Hogan, James C. A Commentary on the Plays of Sophocles. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press, 1991. Sophocles. Oedipus the King. Trans. Robert Bagg. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press, 1982. Taplin, Oliver. Greek Tragedy in Action. London: Routledge, 2003.

L’Oréal’s brand portfolio Essay

1.Review L’Oreal’s brand portfolio. What role have target marketing, smart acquisitions, and R&D played in growing those brands? The success of L’Oreal is a result of tactical choice of markets, targeting them wisely, thorough research and development and smart acquisitions. It is one of the leading cosmetic companies in the global market. Over the years it has created a successful brand value and expertise in the field of cosmetic and beauty products. Targeting the market was one of the factors that play pivotal role in L’Oreal success, the company targeted the audience with products as per their requirements, like, in Japan they marketed mascaras specially designed and volume as per the requirement of Japanese women. Acquisition of local beauty companies like Soft Sheen Products and Carson Products helped them to eliminate competition and also gain huge profits in U.S. and African Markets. L’Oreal spends 3% of its annual sales in research and deve lopment with 14 research centers around the world. Clear concepts about the different skin and hair and their different needs around the world helped them to design diverse products for all. 2.Who are L’Oreal’s greatest competitors? Local,global, or both? Why? The major competitors for L’Oreal are companies like, Lakme, LVMH Moet Hennessey Louis Vuitton, Estee Lauder and Chanel etc. The skin care, makeup, fragrance and hair care businesses are characterized by intense competition over the world. As each company products are close substitutes to one another. 3.What has been the key to successful local product launches such as Maybelline’s Wondercurl in Japan? The eyes and eyelashes of the women in the Western Asia is different. They have small eyes and their lashes are short and straight. Thus, when the R&D team of L’Oreal companies came up with the idea of Wonder curl Mascara, it became a instant success. 4.What’s next for L’Oreal on a global level? If you wereCEO, how would you sustain the company’s global leadership? L’Oreal is already a successful brand in the global market. Its success is seen especially in the areas of make-up and hair product, and not in the skin care. It is now required to come-up with different skin care products for people. Also, the price factors have to be kept in mind. Most brands are distributing their products at a reasonable cost. L’Oreal can achieve  success in the middle-class people by setting a reasonable price for them.

The Double Door between Monsters and Heroes Essay

The Double Door between Monsters and Heroes - Essay Example ets, Harry, Hermione and Ron not only solve the strange affairs which involved Hogwarts’ students being attacked, but they also become heroes by struggling and conquering obstacles. Through the movie, Rowling effectively informs the viewers about the differences between heroes and monsters although the author’s style is quite subtle compared to what most viewers and readers understand about the subject matters. Because Rowling’s monster type is a little different from the normal status quo monster, it is beneficial to first learn about the qualities of traditional monsters. According to Hugh Chisholm (739), monsters are described as â€Å"species of animals or humans which are sporadically malformed in whole or in part, such as teratology, redundant chromosome number and nuclear mutation†. In the 1998 edition of Godzilla (Rickitt 74-76), because of nuclear radiation, â€Å"Godzilla grows into a robust, erect-standing, reptilian sea monster from an ectomorph, digitigrade bipedal iguana-like creature.†(Chisholm 739-741) Additionally, in the movie, Godzilla ruthlessly slaughters the innocent and he insanely destroys all of New York City. For instance, there is an impressive scene in which a five-year-old girl cries and looks like she is begging Godzilla not to hurt her but the monster still steps on her. However, because of the fact that Godzilla’s brain has not co mpletely developed, human beings are able to overthrow him by sacrificing the entire city. People call Godzilla a monster because of his humungous size, gruesome appearance and seemingly unbreakable body. In addition, he is characterized as ruthless, horrible, dangerous and different in all ways from human beings. The monster in the movie Godzilla is horrific, awful and unwise; completely different from a person. However, in Rowling’s series, the monsters take the form of human beings with more peculiar appearance, character and demeanor. In Harry Potter, the monsters are gorgeous just like Lord

Why are similar independence claims the subject of different responses Essay

Why are similar independence claims the subject of different responses from the international community The international communitys position on Kosovo, South Ossetia and Abkhazia - Essay Example vestigation of the issues and facts that divide the international community in its responses to the secessions of Kosovo, Abkhazia and South Ossetia reveal that the legality of these secessions are not the only determining factors. A review of the literature seems to suggest that power politics has a role to play in the responses to these secessions. In other words, there is an emerging trend indicating that it is possible to conclude that world powers are more inclined to support or refuse to support an entity’s secession based on political rather than legal reasoning. The purpose of this research is to demonstrate that power politics permits what amounts to a spin on the international legal framework for statehood and state recognition. The secessions of South Ossetia, Abkhazia and Kosovo will be compared and contrasted with a view to determining the way that the international community should have responded to these secessions and how they in fact, responded. It will be argued that from a purely legal perspective the secessions are no different from one another, and power politics plays a greater role in the international community’s responses than international customary law. The 2008 declarations of independence by South Ossetia, Abkhazia and Kosovo was met by entirely different responses by the international community, specifically international organizations such as the United Nations (UN), the Council of Europe (CoE) and the Organizations for Security Cooperation with Europe (OSCE) .2 The CoE, the UN and the OSCE readily recognized Kosovo’s independence but at the same time did not accept and recognize the secession of South Ossetia and Abkhazia.3 The European Union (EU) which occupies a unique position in its relationship with Russia, was split on Kosovo’s independence and unquestionably unsupportive of South Ossetia and Abkhazia.4 NATO and the United States (US) accepted and recognized Kosovo’s independence but outright refused to accept

Alternative Measures of GDP Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Alternative Measures of GDP - Research Paper Example However, there are few restrictions identified in this system of economic growth measurement which calls for the requirement of alternate methods to present more accurate detail of the economic health of a geographic and political division (Mankiw, 2011). These alternative computations of GDP would be considered in this paper in order to evaluate their impression over the interpretation of GDP. Alternative Measures to GDP Studies have revealed that there are a few inadequacies in the concept of GDP and for the reason of which the need for corrections in the factors included in the GDP along with some substitute computations were identified by various economists. It was stated by Giovannini & Hall (2010) that a collection of indicators needs to be developed which could offer an increased surrounding explanation of the living standards as well as the well-being compared to just a single indicator which is the GDP. For the period of 1970s, a collection of communal gauging methods were u sed with the intention to measure the socio-economic growth by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). These techniques were considered to be the alternatives of GDP among which few were developed on the foundations of the concept itself (Giovannini & Hall, 2010). Some of the substitute measures also tend to consider the concept of GDP as well as the nationwide accounts to be their groundwork. These have been adapted to appear more accurate than the GDP measure with a few modifications in the traditional method of measuring economic growth. The modifications involve certain additions and deductions of a few indicators concerning the environmental problems, and sustainability problems among others so as to reach to a broader computation of well-being (Commission on the measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress, 2010; Boarini & Et. Al., 2006). Another alternative is said to be the well-being indicators which does not entail GDP in their computa tions and thus, act as a substitute to the concept. The main substitute amongst the approaches have been learned to be the ‘economics of happiness’ that intends to measure the welfare of the residents in the economy. This method merges practices made by economists as well as psychologists with the intention to determine the degree of happiness in a particular society along with the policy that contributes to it. This particular method goes more from the economists’ perception of happiness which centered on ‘revealed performance’ along with the beliefs that increased unpaid options that were available to an individual and make that individual happier (Nallari & Et. Al., 2011; Schepelmann & Et. Al., 2010). The results from the happiness assessment point out that the unpaid options did matter, similarly as did an individual’s comparative earnings in the society along with the percentile position of those earnings. To be precise, it was found that after an amount of certain per capita earnings gained per annum, the total earnings did not contribute to happiness. Therefore, this method established that total earnings were crucial in describing the individual’s well-being which in turn was essential in gauging the GDP. Another substitute method for GDP so as to measure the economic growth of a country has often been categorized to be the

Outsourcing and Manufacturing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Outsourcing and Manufacturing - Assignment Example In addition, labor shortages in the manufacturing industry may compel them to outsource their services. This is mostly evident in china where most individuals are opting to remain in the rural areas due to the rising costs in urban areas (Loyalka, 2012). The fact that their population is fast aging is also a compelling factor for manufacturing industries in the country to outsource. For America to succeed, it ought to educate most of its students mostly in science, engineering, math, and technology (Malone, 2012). This is because most of the manufacturing positions are lacking applicants due to unavailability of the necessary skills required to partake those manufacturing jobs. Moreover, for a manager to succeed in the 21st century, they ought to have a good working relation with their employees to enable them fish out and solve any arising problems. The managers also ought to be on the lookout for any sign of labor shortage or increased cost of production that might bring their organization down. Where need be, the managers should outsource some of the services that they find expensive for their companies to

Strategic human resource management and human resource management Essay

Strategic human resource management and human resource management - Essay Example In essence, structure of the workforce in any organisation should be well-thought of because it virtually determines the duration for goal achievement. The major objective of most organizations is to achieve the laid goals within the shortest period possible. Therefore, it is important for human resource department in an organisation to ensure that it applies the best strategies that will facilitate high-quality performance and promote employee motivation. Essentially, globalization trends and the continued technological changes have escalated the need to manage human resources. Research has showed that there are promising financial outcomes for organizations whose human resource management structures have attained operational excellence and in compliance with organisational goals. Human resource is a set of people who form the workforce of an organisation and is sometimes referred to as human capital. For human resource to work in line with the organization’s goals and objectives, it has to be managed. The supervision of workforce in an organisation is termed as human resource management. Human resource management is concerned with maximizing employee performance in pursuit for the organization’s goals (Deb, 2006). Strategic human resource management is a proactive mechanism to the management of an organization’s workforce tailored to lay tactical framework in support of long-term goals. Human resource management entails a number functions which include training and development, recruitment and retention of workforce, performance appraisal and employee remuneration. There are various strategic human resource aspects which can be used to judge an organization and they include; acquisition of skilled employees, satisfaction, managing risk, managing change and corporate culture, innovation, developing leaders and many others (Nankervis, Compton &

Knowledge Management Techniques Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Knowledge Management Techniques - Essay Example Knowledge management solutions enable the company or organization implementing it to share relevant and useful information at all levels of the organization. Knowledge management reduces redundancy, creates efficiency and allows a company to utilize information for innovativeness. New recruits require minimal training and allow the company to utilize time effectively. Intellectual property can be retained after employees stop working. The two case studies are: Northbridge Model Train Shop and Food Festival. CASE STUDY I NORTHBRIDGE  MODEL  TRAIN  SHOP  (NMTR) 1. PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION 1a) Northbridge  Model  Train  Shop intends to continue utilizing the existing network and improve the organizations knowledge base. The activities within and outside Northbridge   Model   Train   Shop affects knowledge management preparaedness; hence there is need to conduct an audit. NMTR knowledge management structure requires retructuring and development to accomaodate increas ing tasks. Since the management already poses a knowledge system, the existing system can be effectively used to enhance and achive a competent managements system. A central place where all the knowledge can be accessed and controlled lacks in the oragnization. There is explicict information that can be used to further generate unambigous information for knowledge management as Bennett (1999) points out1. 1b) As a knowledge management expert, it is posible to identify knowledge management gaps that exist. NMTR has acquired knowledge over the knowledge and requires expertese to adequately use the knowledge for the correct person when required. It is necessary to intergrate tacid and explict knowledge in the organization to achive competency and adequately meet NMTR knowledge management needs. Tacid sources of the organizatoin assist in identifying the knowledge gaps that exist. Moreover, the customers needs will be considered when implimenting knowledge management system and ensure t hat NMTR obtains competitive advantage. 1c) Knowledge management needs in NMTR can be adressed with an aim of assisting the company realise its goals. NMTR strategy is dependent on strategy designed by the owner, Jim. For knowledge management to be sucessful, the knowledge Jim possess together with the organizational strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and strengths will influence the outcome. Efficiency will be achived if NMTR stategy is propertly articulated in knowledge management. NMTR will use the existing knowledge to create competitiveness. As an expert, knowledge management mapping, the role of information technology and innovation can be considered as necessary. 1. KNOWLEDGE AUDIT 2a) Knowledge gaps and blockages identify what should be done to achieve knowledge management needs. NMTR has published materials on the train inventory system and wants to develop a new knowldge management that includes the train and slot car materials. There is need standardize the available ma terials and categorize them to allow their effective use in the new venture in train and slot car materials. Additionaly, a system where new information is documented in a procedural way can be identified to absorb information from the new area. There is need for ontology and creation of terms within the new area. Terms that are commonly used in the

Substainable Tourism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Substainable Tourism - Research Paper Example For instance, the program to construct various facilities including malls, cinema halls, hotels and casinos on the Sentosa Island was initiated in 2005 by the government of Singapore (Quah, 2010). The primary objective of this project was to create new jobs besides increasing foreign investments and tourism. According to Chen (2009), the focus of the SDC in developing locations along the coastline is generating new avenues for leisure such as yachting and wind-surfing which eventually is contributing to the generation of more jobs for the local population. The government has also liberalized many leisure activities including gambling along the southern part of Singapore. Besides attracting talent and investment, this move is improving Singapore’s reputation as a liberal city. SDC has taken advantage of these recent changes by establishing several casinos at many of its locations. Bunnell (2010) says that SDC employs over 1000 workers at each of its casinos and provides indirec t employment to another 5000 through nearby bars, restaurants, suppliers and hotels.

Eating Too Much Meat Will Kill You Essay Example for Free

Eating Too Much Meat Will Kill You Essay Bill Cosby once stated, â€Å"Did you ever see the customers in health-food stores? They are pale, skinny people who look half dead. In a steak house, you see robust, ruddy people. They’re dying, of course, but they look terrific.† On average, Americans consume about 8 oz. of meat a day, twice the amount as the rest of the world; about one-sixth of the total meat consumed, U.S being less than one-twentieth of the population. Meat is generally delicious, contains rich sources of proteins and minerals. Some nutritional diet programs like the Atkins Diet have linked certain types of meat-based diets to weight loss. On the contrary, eating too much meat has been linked to certain type of cancers, high cholesterol and an increased risk of contracting a foodborne illness. Americans need to recognize that diets high in meat increases the cancer risk and other health issues. Evidence suggested that consuming meat could damage the body. In a country known for its love for hamburgers and steak, consumers need to cut down on their meat for a healthy life. Consumers also need to understand grilling meat increase the risk of cancer. Part of the solution is eating healthy, but consumers also should be aware of what they’re eating. The big issue in America is quantity. Eating meat and fast-food meat on a daily basis for seven days a week, 365 days a year, is a big reason why the risk for cancer and other health diseases is dangerously high in U.S. United States slaughters more than 10 billion land animals every year (Freston 802), and the market research firm Packed Facts stated Americans spends 142 billion dollar on beef, chicken, pork, lamb at market retails. Eating too much red meat has been linked to increased risk of death from cancer and heart disease, according to a study from American Cancer Society, the more red meat you eat will increase the risk for cancer. A Journal published by the American Medical Association reported a 20-year study of nearly 149,000 adults between the ages of 50 and 74. Researchers examine the risk according to how much red meat, poultry, or fish the people had eaten. Researchers looked at how many people develop colon cancer after the study. The results were 30% to 40% are more likely to develop cancer in the lower part of the colon. People who ate the most processed meats were 50% more likely to develop colon cancer (Parish 6). Eating just three ounces meat a day increases the consumer’s chance of dying by 13 percent, and 20 percent increase if eating processed meat, like bacon and hot dogs. But it doesn’t mean we should completely cut out meat in our diet; these statistics demonstrates that the less meat you eat, the better. Consuming meat damages the body. According to Dr. Oz, from the Dr. Oz Show, eating a steak dinner can take two to three days to get out of your intestines (par. 3). Red meat takes more than 24 hours to completely digest. In the mean time, it is in your intestine rotting at 98 degrees, sending toxins through the body. Eating any food that does not completely digest will ruin your health. What happens is that the human stomach acids are not made to break meat down efficiently because of its high fat and protein contents. The body lacks the enzymes that digest proteins in the stomach. Protein digestion mainly takes place in the first section of the small intestines where the pancreas secretes the types of digestive enzymes to help break down nutrients into energy and allow the nutrients molecules enter the bloodstream. Hence, meat takes longer as it has to pass into the stomach and the intestines, opposed to carbohydrates, which are broken down easily by saliva and the stomach. Although red meat is digestible than any other food sources such as rice and vegetable, it remains in the digestive system for a longer period of time, leaving the meat to rot in your intestines. Dr Klein believes that animal protein is the primary cause for the inflammation of the intestines because meat rots in your stomach (4). It explains why eating animal protein for a long period of time can increase the risk of colon cancer. Also the kidneys work to remove excess protein from your body. Eating too much protein can stress out the kidney, leading to kidney damage. Grilling meat is a method that most people are familiar with. Grilling is part of American culture; it brings family and friends together for the holidays like Independence Day. Grilling is a method of cooking food hot and fast on your grill. Burgers, poultry, beef, seafood are typically grilled. Grilling is actually a much healthier option than frying food because it is low fat and you can grill food without adding oil on them. But unfortunately, grilling food may potentially introduce the risk for cancer. Those juicy hamburgers, especially the charred ones contains cancer causing chemical called carcinogen. When you grill meat, some of the fat drips down to the charcoal or flame and the smoke carry the carcinogen known heterocyclic amines (HCA ) and polycyclic armomatic hydrocarbons (PAH) to form. These compounds have been shown to affect our DNA and might cause cancer. PAH is the same smoke from forest fires, coal burning, car exhaust and smoking. Exposure to high amounts of PAH is dangerous to your health and long term exposure increase the risk of cancer. According to 2007 study in Epidemiology, women with high intakes of grilled, barbecued or smoked meats over their lifetime had a 74 percent chance of developing breast cancer (373). It is also important to not that these women has low intake of fruits and vegetables. Most people are not aware of the carcinogen when they are grilling the meat. But let’s face it, grilled meat taste good and people should not give up on their grass fed steak or burgers from the grill. There are couple ways to grill safely and reducing carcinogen. 1. Marinating meats for at least several hours that contains herb and spices can dramatically reduce HCA. Herbs/spices is highly potent antioxidant that helps prevent HCA formation. 2. Pre-cook the meat in either the oven or microwave and finish it on the grill to decrease the amount of the carcinogen. 3. Pick leaner cuts like skinless chicken, lean beef or pork; it decreases the fat from dripping down on the open flame. It also important to remember that well-done meat has a higher concentration of carcinogen. Medium-rare, or medium cook is healthier choice than well done. These tips to reduce and prevent carcinogen is a safe way to consume grilled meat, but what about restaurants that serves grilled meats? Unfortunately, the meat holds carcinogens. Study shows restaurant meat such as burgers, ribs, and chicken carry substantial amounts of carcinogen. Few years ago, KFC calls their new Grilled Chicken â€Å"the better-for-you chicken for health- conscious customers.† But a PCRM a test shows the grilled chicken contains a high level of carcinogen (Sullivan 12). Consumers eating grilled chicken from popular restaurant chains are exposed to substantial level of carcinogen. A study published in Nutrition and Cancers show that an independent laboratory examined one hundred samples from seven popular restaurants, and Phip, a carcinogen, was found in all the samples (33). These findings clearly show that eating grill chicken can potentially cause cancer. Consumers deserve to know what they’re eating is just as worse as a greasy high-fat fried chicken. It misleads consumers to think grilled chicken is healthy diet but in actuality a grilled chicken salad can increase the risk of breast cancer, prostate cancer, and other dangerous health disease. If that the case, shouldn’t the government or chain restaurant provide warning labels on their product? Since Tobacco Company labels their pack with a warning that cigarette causes cancer; restauran ts serving cancer-causing meat should do the same. When parents cook chicken for their children, they try to be health conscious. If people knew there were high levels of carcinogens in their grilled chicken, they may not choose it as a healthy alternative. Meat is part of American culture; Western men often forge a strong link between eating meat and masculinity. Eating too much meat is a common problem in American Society. I believe most Americans don’t realize that they’re eating too much meat. When comparing the size of the burger we’re eating today to the past decades, our burger has gotten bigger. Bacon is a big part of American culture today. It brings child-hood memories of how mothers cooked bacon for their children. It is also a common breakfast food and is often associated with family gatherings. But, eating bacon every single day of your life has life threatening repercussion to your health. Most processed meat like bacon or hot dogs contains sodium nitrate. Sodium nitrate is a food additive used in m any processed meats. It increases shelf life, gives any meat a fresh appearance, improves the smoky flavors of bacon, and slows the rate of the foul smell, and reduces bacteria (Kortboyer 5). It seems sodium nitrate is a great additive but it is widely regarded as a toxic ingredient. It is a highly carcinogenic chemical and once it enters the human digestive system; it release toxin to a number of internal organs including liver and pancreas. USDA tried to ban sodium nitrate in the 1970’s but was vetoed by food manufacturers who complained that they are trying to ban bacon from America and insisted the additive was safe. The sodium nitrate is found in almost every meat package. It’s listed right on processed meat products like bacon, turkey, hot dogs, and meats in canned soups. If it’s so dangerous, why does food manufactures use it? It sells more meat products because it makes the meat appear fresh and vibrant. Consumers are often influenced by the appearance of the meat, and sadly they will buy meat that looks fresh because of the additives, but in reality, the meat could be months old. A proven strategy to help combat sodium nitrates is to consume large doses of vitamin C and E before your meal. Another safe alternative is purchasing nitrite-free meat to reduce the exposure to sodium nitrate. But, meat without nitrates is prone to spoilage. I believe meat industry uses the saturated fat argument to distract consumers from real issues like cancer. Fruits with high saturated fat like coconut juice wont increase a person risk of cancer to jump up 50%. The real issue is what’s added to the meat during processing and packaging. While eating too much meat can be dangerous, the solution is to consume less. Meat is rich in protein and the body needs protein to maintain cellular tissue. Reducing meat intake benefits the bones. According to Dr. Campbell of Cornell University, animal sourced proteins extract more calcium from the bones, causing the bone to weaken (par. 4). Another good benefit of cutting back on meat is it that makes the consumer eat more nutritious foods. A study from American Journal of Clinical Nutrition reported that participants who were served a meal with less meat ate more vegetables (Rolls 916). Eating small portions of good quality meat can help curb meat cravings and will not jeopardize the health. Many health education websites like Meatless Mondays offer idea of cutting back on meat consumptions. Another healthy alternative is replacing meat with non-meat sources of protein. Small red beans, black beans, legumes, dairy products are all good source of protein. While fish and seafood are technically meats, they do not carry the same risks as red meat, chicken, and pork because they contain low saturated fat and cholesterol. Non-meat protein not only has low saturated fat and cholesterol, they contain healthy fats, vitamins and minerals the body needs. Besides, the average person only needs about eight grams of protein per 20 lbs of body weight. Make no mistake, Americans love eating meats. Meat is essential part of a healthy diet, but over consumption of meat will kill you. America spends hundred of billion dollars on meat and it’s no wonder why cancer is epidemic in United States. Meat is considered a luxury in other country’s, but meat in America is readily available anywhere and consumers need to learn self-restraint. Meat like hot dogs and bacon is part of American culture, but consumers need to understand that meat industry’s uses dangerous additives like sodium nitrate and eating it for a long period of time will have repercussion to your health. Strong evidence claims that not only the harmful sodium nitrate harms the body, but also eating meat in general will damage the body. There are other healthy options like non-meat protein. But the solution to the problem is consumers need to be aware of what they’re eating and learn self-restraint.

School Driver Essay Example for Free

School Driver Essay My aunt, a school driver, she has a problem of picking the student up to school. She lives in Belvedere Garden, and picks student to the school in Shek Lei Estate (the map is on the last page). In order to save the cost by shorten the distance to the school, she asked me to solve the problem for her. By the virtue of keen competition, she couldnt charge for the high fees from the students. Besides, the fuel is very costly and variable. Thus, her income becomes unstable. She tries to solve it by picks up more students from different places, but the routes will be more complex and the time does not allow her to do so. She has to pick 50 students up from 12 places, there are 10 seats left and therefore she can only save the cost by pick more students up from these 12 places but not the other places. I also found her driving routes have a great problem, she didnt choose the fastest way. So I will choose the fastest routes for her. She has to drive 4 times per school day 1. From BG to SLE (through all places in shortest routes) 2. From SLE to BG (fastest routes to back home) 3. From BG to SLE (fastest routes to back to school) 4. From SLE to BG (through all the places in shortest routes). I have asked her where the 12 places were, how much profits she earns totally per month and how much the costs are. Here is the information: The name of the twelve place: Belevedere Garden Phase 3 (BG) Tsuen King Garden (TKG) Clague Garden Estate (CGE) Discovery Park (DP) Water Side Plaza (WSP) Luk Leung Sun Chuen (LYSC) Pa Tin Pa Tsuen (PTPT) Kwai Yin Court (KYC) Lei Muk Chuen Estate (LMSE) Shek Yam Estate (SYE) Shek Yam East Estate (SYEE) Shek Lei Estate (SLE) The distances between the places: Second drive: After sending the students to the school, my aunt will then go back home (From SLE to BG). Her original route is showed below: BGi DPi KYCi SLE 5km Third drive: She has to pick up the students again after the school (From BG to SLE). Her original route is showed below: Â  BG 13. 09km The total distance of the whole drive is 12. 6 + 5 + 5 + 13. 09=35. 69km There are 22 school days average per month, which means the total distance of one month is 35. 69 x 22 = 785km. In HK, the cost of the fees are 15p per km average, thus her original cost per month is 785 x 15p = i 118 and her income is i 810. So her actual income decreases to i 810 i 118 = i 692 Now I am going to find out the shortest routes of four drives. For the first drive and the last drive, I solve the problem by showing all possible ways as she has to go through all 12 places. The second and the third drive, I do only find the shortest routes and therefore I will use the Dijkstras algorithm. There are 52 way in the first drive and 66 ways in the fourth drive. Possible ways for first drive: BGi TKGi PTPTi Therefore, the new total distance per month is (12. 12 + 4. 93 + 4. 93 + 12. 6) x 22 = 761km The new cost is 761 x 15p = i 114 So her actual income increases to i 810 i 114 = i 696 If my aunt is willing to use this my methods, she could save i 4 a month (i 696 i 692 = i 4) Evaluation As a result, I saved i 4 for my aunt. In England, people may think that i 4 is just a little amount of money. However, i 4 in Hong Kong and China you can help many poor. They may get warm and full by buying food, clean water and clothes. I suggested my aunt that she could save more by delete the second and the third drives. It saves almost i 33 more (4. 93 x 2 x 22 x 15p ). It would spend her leisure at home during the resting time but save her more money. She could also earn more by picking more students from those 12 places. The cost cannot save so much because the routes in Hong Kong are not very long but complex, Hong Kong is just a point in the map only. In addition, she picks students up from 2 districts only and therefore the roads are shorter. The time is a problem as well, she is not allowed to pick more students. Otherwise, all of the students will be late for school and their parents will complain her. In the first drive and fourth drive, I have found out the shortest routes by showing all possible. Actually, its very difficult to find out and its take me a long time. When I was doing it, I needed to check many times whether I had showed all the possible or not. Besides, its easy to make mistakes when I was calculating the distance of the possible routes. In the second and the third drive, I used Djkstras algorithm to find out the shortest easily. It is very convenience and hard to make a mistake. This is the best method for me which I have learned. I impacted my aunt as well and she found it is useful.

The Influence Of Origen On The Church Religion Essay

The Influence Of Origen On The Church Religion Essay When considering the impact or influence that an individual has had on any particular segment of society, it is necessary to review that individuals accomplishments and contributions. This paper will provide the reader insight into the life and contributions of one of the early church fathers Origen (ca. 186 255). As one of the most controversial church fathers in the evangelical community, Origen influenced the church, both the early and modern church, through his intellectual and literary contributions which included: compiling, translating and interpreting Scripture, establishing of the first Christian university replete with the first systematic theology, and writing numerous commentaries, sermons and apologies which have been utilized for reference by numerous generations. A mans contributions are only as good as his reputation; therefore, we must know a little about Origen of Alexandria. One must not reject the influence of a man based solely upon the opinions of others. The evangelical community appears to gloss over the true accomplishments and influence of Origen based on his rogue nature and the fact that he was condemned as a heretic. One evangelical professor even started his lecture on Origen by introducing him as many peoples least favorite theologian. The purpose of calling this to light is that there must be an acknowledgement that we would not be where we are as an evangelical community without the contributions of Origen. There must be an acknowledgement that Origen has been vilified by many, and therefore, when Origen is discussed it is with prejudice. Origen is described as the boy whose mother hid his clothes so that he could not be martyred  [1]  with his father, or the ascetic separatist who castrated himself because he misinterpreted Matthew 19:12.  [2]  The heretic, Origen, is judged with the light of modern thought because of his view that even Satan will be saved  [3]  or his speculation about the fall of mankind. Judgment is often cast during the introduction of Origen, prior to listing all of the accomplishments that Origen made which still impact Christianity today. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify some of those facts (yes, most appear to be factual) prior to investigating this early church fathers contributions and subsequent influence on Christianity. For just a moment, Origen will be defended and revered for his character and accomplishments so that an objective view can be made on his influence on the church. Origen was a man of extreme self discipline, a rogue, who lived an ascetic lifestyle prior to the establishment of monastic orders.  [4]  Origen has some spectacular notations about his life, primarily his castration; however, later he regretted the act and wrote that it should not be done. At the very least, it reveals the strength of his desire to overcome the flesh.  [5]  Additionally, there are numerous accounts that Demetrius the bishop over Origen was extremely jealous of Origen and subsequently used his influence to slander and defame Origen. It is true that Origen had speculation about the fall of man and the ultimate demise of Satan; however, we must remember that Origen never had the benefit of a canonized New Testament. In spite of Origens numerous commentaries on books which would later become canonized into the New Testament, it does not appear that he ever commented on the book of Revelation. This might have been the cause of his speculation which trended toward universalism. Origen was a Biblical genius who revered Scripture and even wrote commentaries on much of the New Testament, many times needing a team of multiple scribes to capture his prolific notes.  [6]  It is an absolute fact that Origen was condemned as a heretic for his beliefs. Posthumously, Origen was condemned for his subordinate view of the Trinity. His condemnation as a heretic came 199 years after his death without the benefit of defense. Origen at the age of 69 had an opportunity to stand for his Christian beliefs where he would earn the name Adamantius meaning made of steel as a result of his persecution for his faith.  [7]  Origens muscles, sinews and joints were ripped as he was stretched on a rack in order to seek a confession.  [8]  Although Origen did not die during the persecution, he died shortly after from complications arising from this torture. Origen died in AD 255, roughly 112 years before the books of the New Testament were listed in Athanasius Easter letter and almost 200 years prior to Origens condemnation as a heretic. It is clear to see that his life had a lasting impact on the church if he was still an active topic of discussion two centuries after his death. With an understanding of the basics of Origen, we have to acknowledge his intellectual and literary contributions which would ultimately have an impact on the church even until today. Origens father, Leonides, schooled Origen with unusual rigor, giving him a fine education that prioritized scripture and also grounded him in the Greek liberal arts.  [9]  After Leonides was martyred, Origen was forced to provide for his family by becoming a private tutor. Soon, Origen became a teacher in the church in Alexandria where he taught new converts in basic theology. Origens career as a teacher and Christian theologian earned him much fame and recognition and he began to travel throughout the region debating and teaching. His brilliance soon became legendary, and pagan intellectuals from around the Mediterranean came to dispute with him.  [10]  With this fame came jealousy and conflict with the Bishop of Alexandria, Demetrius, which ultimately forced Origen to move to Caesarea. It was in Caesarea where Origen began to contribute to Christianity through Scripture translation and formal Theology. In Caeserea, Origen formalized his teaching and training when he established the regions first Christian school of Theology.  [11]  The nature of the school was for the formation of Christian scholars in an ascetic environment; however, some scholars have suggested that Origen developed in Caesarea essentially a missionary school to educate young pagan men out of secular Greek thought and into the true Christian philosophia.  [12]  Origen might have established the first center for missionary training. One of Origens pupils, Gregory Thaumaturgus, captured the nature of the institution in his words Origen was instructing us in theology and the devout character.  [13]  A training institution is more than just the physical structures. It requires vision, doctrine and foundation. Origen provided the vision and the works that became the keystones to Christian Theology. At the cornerstone of the School of Caesarea stood The Hexapla, a six-column Hebrew Greek translation of the Old Testament with Origens annotations. Eusebius writes this about Origens study leading up to the formation of The Hexapla, So earnest and assiduous was Origens research into the divine words that he learned the Hebrew language, and procured as his own the original Hebrew Scriptures which were in the hands of the Jews. He investigated also the works of other translators of the Sacred Scriptures besides the Seventy [LXX].  [14]   The first consolidated work on the Old Testament, The Hexapla would have a lasting impact on Christianity. The Hexapla was used as a reference by Jerome and Eusebius.  [15]  Emperor Constantine would later commission scribes to copy fifty copies of The Hexapla to be sent to the great churches throughout his empire.  [16]  Origen sought to provide the church with a usable translation of the Old Testament with The Hexapala in a language that the literate could understand. In addition to this six-column format, Origen also produced a smaller Tetrapla version of the four columns most likely to be used by Christians.  [17]  The often overlooked impact of his work is that it translated the Hebrew into Greek and provided a reference for generations of Christian scholars. Expounding on the foundation of the Scriptures through the cornerstone established by The Hexapla, Origen wrote the first systematic theology aptly named On First Principles. On First Principles set forth Christ ian theology on a scale previously unknown to the church. He [Origen] argued powerfully for the inspiration and authority of Scripture.  [18]  On First Principles appears to have been equally beneficial for the student as well as for the unbeliever. Origen wrote this handbook on Christianity as a synthesis between philosophy and Christianity which some scholars believe that Origen wished to make available for seekers.  [19]  If accurate, this provides a vision of an Origen with an evangelical nature. One notable feature of On First Principles is Origens focus on and apparent love for Jesus Christ. One needs only to read the opening lines of the preface of On First Principles to derive Origens core beliefs and see his lasting impact on Christianity. Origen writes, All who believe and are assured that grace and truth were obtained through Jesus Christ, and who know Christ to be the truth, agreeably to His own declaration, I am the truth, derive the knowledge which incites men to a good and happy life from no other source than from the very words and teaching of Christ.  [20]   From this passage, one can easily see parallels to teachings which are still present in the modern day evangelical church. Additionally, Origen addresses three core principles in the preface of his work that have remained through millennia of Christian thought: First, that there is one God, who created and arranged all things, and who, when nothing existed, called all things into beingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ã‚  [21]   Secondly, That Jesus Christ Himself, who came (into the world), was born of the Father before all creaturesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ became a man, and was incarnate although God, and while made a man remained the God which He wasà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ã‚  [22]   Then, Thirdly, the apostles related that the Holy Spirit was associated in honour and dignity with the Father and the Son.  [23]   These statements alone provide a firm Ante-Nicene view of the Trinity which, of course, has deeply impacted our orthodoxy in the 21st century. Origen argues that all Christian understanding proceeds from the teaching of Christ. Throughout On First Principles, Origen addressed topics such as Christology, anthropology, eschatology, ecclesiology and hermeneutics. Origens thoughts on hermeneutics and freedom of thought within his allegorical interpretive method draws some criticism from the Evangelical community today. However, according to Origen, God had intentionally invested the Bible with multiple layers of meaningà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ [Where] any verse can become a rich source of Christological truth.  [24]  Origen saw Scripture interpretation as a deeply personal venture into seeking God and seeing Christ on every page. More importantly, why would Origens allegorical method of interpretation have an impact on the church? Prior to Origen, who was not a bishop, tradition had restricted scriptural interpretation in the churches to the ordained clergy, the bishop himself, or one of his chosen presbyters.  [25]  Origen was breaking the mold of interpretation and taking it from ecclesiastical process to personal revelation. Origens life and literary works appeared to be trending toward the individual conscientiousness of the believer to gro w in knowledge and depth; however, centuries later the papacy did much to stifle the believers accessibility to both the Bible and its interpretation. The Catholic Church sought to stifle the believer by withholding the interpretation Scripture at the highest level of the church an apparent contradiction to Origens philosophy of proliferative information on the Bible. It is quite possible that Origens allegorical interpretation of Scripture enabled him to have the freedom to write such a prolific number of literary works. The sheer number of Origens literary works must have affected the formation of Christianity. Origens literary contributions were so vast that some have numbered his works up to 6000; however, Eusebius, an Orgenian scholar, listed around 2000.  [26]  It is important to note that Origens thoughts (conveyed through his literary works), even after being condemned, have permeated Christianity to a degree that they may never be dismissed. All of the greatest thinkers of the patristic age were in his [Origens] debt, and even after his condemnation he was too deeply inserted into the fabric of Christian theologizing ever to be dismissed or forgotten. He had been the founding architect of biblical commentary as a mode of organizing Christian reflection, and no one who took the Bible seriously in the first millennium of the church was able to avoid his groundbreaking writing.  [27]   Since the understanding that Origens literary works had a profound impact on Christianity is well established, it is beneficial to note the types of literary works and their respective influence. Origen wrote a number of commentaries and sermons on both the Old Testament and on the (yet to be canonized) New Testament. Origens Scriptural commentaries were a unique genre of literature, of which he [Origen] is the first major exponent, [he] shows himself to possess an encyclopedic knowledge of the text. He is able to cross-register word appearances from all over the scriptural record, an impressive feat in the days before concordances and reference tools were available.  [28]   Origen wrote extensive commentaries on Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Isaiah, Psalms, and Ecclesiastes. Origens commentary seeks to bring Jesus Christ to life in the life of the reader, because by means of divine allegory, every word on every page of scripture could be made to speak with overflowing richness about Jesus Christ, the Christian life, and the Christians eternal hope.  [29]  Origens Christ-centric writings read more like a modern day sermon than a commentary. Origen also wrote on much of the New Testament books with a particular affinity to Johnnine and Pauline Scripture, and he wrote a major on the Gospel of John titled the same. It is in Origens Gospel of John that we see that Origen fights for the Scripture; however, he holds the Gospels in particularly high esteem. Additionally, Origen defines that we must say that the good things the Apostles announce in this Gospel are simply Jesus.  [30]  Origen identifies that the whole of the Gospel message is simply in Jesu s Christ. We cannot help but note that Origens views are similar to our evangelical views separated by almost 1800 years. Also concerning the commentary on the Gospel of John, you see that Origen also portrays a keen understanding of the source of power in evangelism. Origen states, [King] David says of the Apostles, perhaps also of the evangelists: The Lord shall give the word to those that preach with great power; the King of the powers of the beloved; teaching at the same time that it is not skillfully composed discourse, nor the mode of delivery, nor well practised eloquence that produces conviction, but the communication of divine power.  [31]   Origens commentary of Matthew takes on the approach of a guide for liturgical preaching. Origen is providing the church with pastoral teaching through his commentaries. The Matthean commentary was composed in twenty-five volumes (only eight remain today), and Origens main ideas of his commentary made their way into more or less all other commentators of the Christian tradition.  [32]  His effect on the preaching through the generations has continued through the pastoral teaching in his commentaries. In one of his most famous commentaries, Origen addresses the Song of Song using his method of allegorical interpretation. In Canticle of Canticles, Origen outlines the mystical union between the Christian church and its Bridegroom. Although most modern thought disregard this interpretation, Christians should at least acknowledge its profound impact on the concept of Christian mysticism.  [33]   In addition to his commentaries, Origen wrote a number of letters, apologies and dialogues explaining his Christian faith and doctrine. Origens apologetic works, the most famous of which is Against Celsus, defend vehemently the Christian faith. Origens Against Celsus, a response to a pagan treatise attacking Christianity, stands as a monument of Christian apologetic.  [34]  Many of Origens dialogues and letters also stand in defense and explanation of the Christian faith. In his letter Reply to Julius Africanus, Origen discusses the matter of principles of establishing the canon of Christian Scriptures.  [35]  The sheer number of commentaries on New Testament books would solidify Origens concern with the canonization of the New Testament, yet he defends the necessity of affirming the works of the apostles in his dialogue. We have benefitted from Origens faithfulness to the New Testament letters through his influence in the canonization process of the New Testament. Origens life might have been ascetic, but his commentaries were opulent and filled with a genuine love for the words of God and the Word of God. At least in some part, Origen has survived through this same passion in the evangelical community. Origen through his intellectual contributions started the solidification of Christian doctrine through the formation of the first Christian university, founded on the first written systematic theology. The foundation that Origen paved established a doctrinal basis which served as a starting point for the early church especially with regard to the Trinity and Christology. Origens passion for seeing Christ in every page of Scripture led him to pursue an allegorical method of interpretation which can still be useful when coupled with current Hermeneutical practices; nevertheless, Origens genius opened up the beauty of the Scriptures and allows Christians to see Christ in difficult texts like Leviticus. Origens prolific commentaries provided a genr e of literary works which have continued to this day and have impacted Christians by providing a guide for liturgical preaching. Origens apologies have stood as the template for defense of the faith. Today we still refer to Origens Against Celsus as an apologetic worthy of emulation. Together with Athanasius Easter Letter, Origens selection of books with which to write commentaries on was instrumental in the canonization of the New Testament as we know it today. Even though the majority of Origens works were destroyed in 543 as a result of being condemned as a heretic, Origens remaining work is still relevant to the evangelical community even for purposes of debate and dispute. Most would find the majority of his work uplifting and possibly even edifying. The character of Origen is a sad reality of the humanity of fallen man. Origen, in spite of his best efforts, was still a man; however, one might challenge whether or not his heart and passion (seemingly even for evangelism) as we ll as his intellectual works are not still present in the modern day church. Origen one of the most controversial church fathers, influenced the church, both the early and modern church, through his intellectual and literary contributions which included; compiling, translating and interpreting Scripture, establishing of the first Christian university replete with the first systematic theology, and by writing numerous commentaries, sermons and apologies which have been utilized for reference by numerous generations.

Movie Essays - Gustave Flauberts Madame Bovary on Film -- Movie Film

Gustave Flaubert's Madame Bovary on Film      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The figure of Emma Bovary, the central character of Gustave Flaubert's novel, Madame Bovary, caused both cheers of approval and howls of outrage upon its publication, and continues to fascinate modern literary critics and film makers. Is she a romantic idealist, striving for perfect love and beauty in dull bourgeois society? Is she a willful and selfish woman whose pursuit of the good life brings about her own destruction and that of her family? Or is she, like Ibsen's Hedda Gabler and Nora Helmer, a rebel against the repressive, patriarchal society in which she finds herself? Is she, perhaps, a bit of all three?    Two prominent modern film directors have brought Emma Bovary's story to the screen--Vincente Minnelli in 1949 and, more recently, Claude Chabrol in 1992. This paper will study these two versions of Flaubert's novel and how each director employs and manipulates the medium of film to bring a work of fiction to the screen.    The films of Minnelli and Chabrol represent two radically different approaches to Flaubert's novel. In general, Minnelli tends to romanticize the story, even sentimentalize it, making Emma much more of a sympathetic heroine than seems to be the case in Flaubert's text. Much of the ironic tone of the novel is lost. Minnelli also omits from his film all scenes which are not directly connected with Emma. The harsh realism and ironic social commentary which underlie Flaubert's novel are ignored for the most part. Chabrol, on the other hand, attempts to be scrupulously faithful to the text and spirit of the novel. The director claims that virtually every word of dialogue in the film was taken directly from Flaubert... ...ot literature" (Kael 407). This remark might aptly be applied to Chabrol's adaptation of Madame Bovary. She also remarks about Chabrol's work in general that "there is a remarkable consistency of tone; everything seems on the same level of interest to Chabrol....nothing is very exciting, just as nothing is boring" (407). To Kael, Chabrol is "a sublime craftsman, the ideal conventional movie maker" (54).    But, in the final analysis, Chabrol is closer to Flaubert's artistic techniques. He lets the story speak for itself, and the viewers must form their own judgments about the story of Madame Bovary.    Works Cited Harvey, Stephen. Directed by Vincente Minnelli. New York: Harper and Row, 1989. Kael, Pauline. Deeper Into Movies. New York: Little Brown, 1973. Russell, Alan, trans. Madame Bovary. New York: Penguin Books, 1950.   

Essay --

Throughout Jewish History we have seen significant transitions from 2,000 B.C.E. to 1492 C.E. These transitions changed many different aspects of Jewish life. There are three specific events or turning points that caused tremendous change in Jewish life and had many ramifications. These three events were the Formation of the United Monarchy, the Rise of Hellenism and the Golden Age of Spain. Each of these transitions impacted Judaism in different ways that changed it forever. The different groups of people involved changed different parts of Jewish life including linguistics, politics, traditions, and literature. The United Monarchy took place between 1020 and 921 B.C.E. It was the transition between a tribal society and an actual form of government. In this monarchy, Samuel appointed Saul to be the first King. Saul was replaced by King David and eventually was followed by Solomon. This era was the most documented era throughout Biblical history. During this time period, David was God’s right hand man. Jewish people believed that the Messiah was once a living King somewhere in the Davidic bloodline. They believe the Messiah in the Bible was a human King. The word Messiah means â€Å"anointed one†. David is the one who brings together loose tribes into a government. He institutes many new things like scribe culture and census records. This becomes known as the prototype for the ideal Jewish monarch. He establishes the city of Jerusalem or the â€Å"City of David†. His legacy becomes a major theme in Jewish history. Through him, the First temple was built for worship and f or sacrifice in 950 B.C.E. This temple was extremely important to the Jewish people. It was the center for worship and politics for the kingdom of Judah. The Babylonians e... ...ed, you sent Seraphim to tell him of your great goodness. They sat down beside me and then Michael said: â€Å"This is God’s message who pleads your cause: ‘On the day that you cross waters of sorrow I am with you. When the enemy draws near, the rivers will not drowned you.’ † These three transitions had a huge effect on Jewish life in many different ways and were major turning points in Jewish history. In all three of these periods the Jews underwent many changes in their lives in many different categories. Although massive changes were made, in each of these eras the Jews somehow managed to keep their cultural identity even while adapting to other ways of life. They never lost sight of their heritage. Therefore, the Formation of the United Monarchy, the Rise of Hellenism and the Golden Age of Spain were the three most important points of ruptures in Jewish history.

Essay on Toni Morrisons Beloved - Sethes Act of Filicide

Sethe's Act of Filicide in Beloved      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Shortly after the publication of Beloved, Toni Morrison commented in an interview that Sethe's murder of Beloved "was the right thing to do, but she had no right to do it.... It was the only thing to do, but it was the wrong thing to do."1[1]   Does this remark prove the moral ambiguity of the infanticide, as Terry Otten argues?2[2]   Yes, it was right but wrong, and wrong but right.   However, the most important thing is that "It was the only thing to do."   Sethe had no choice.   If there is anything wrong, it must be either, in Paul D's words, her "too thick" love, or the inhumane institution of slavery.   However, as Sethe answers back to Paul D, for her, "Thin love ain't love at all" (164).   For Sethe, there is no such thing as "thin" love, and it is true.   Her love is not "too" thick but "so" thick that she would kill her own child rather than see the baby live as a slave.        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another interview in 1994 makes it even clearer that Toni Morrison has been sympathetic to Sethe from the start.   She talks about Margaret Garner, whose story gave Morrison the inspiration to write this novel.   Sethe's story is almost identical with Margaret Garner's.       I had an idea that I didn't know was a book idea.... One was a newspaper clipping about a woman named Margaret Garner in 1851....   she had escaped from Kentucky with her four children.   She had run off into a little woodshed right outside her house to kill them because she had been caught as a fugitive.   And she had made up her mind that they would not suffer the way that she had and it was better to die.   She succeeded in killing one; she tried to kill two others....   That the woman who killed her children love... ...she was able to keep the longest.   Twenty years.... Her two girls, neither of whom had their adult teeth, were sold and gone and she had not been able to wave goodbye.   To make up for coupling with a straw boss for four months in exchange for keeping her their child, a boy, with her - only to have him traded for lumber in the spring of the next year and to find herself pregnant by the man who promised not to and did.   The child that she could not love and the rest she would not. (23) She could not claim any child as hers.   Being someone's property, she could not and would not love her children.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   7[7]   Eric Jerome Bauer, "Beloved: The Paradox of Freedom," <http://www.viconet.com/~ejb/belovedweb.htm >   It is almost annoying to read such a naà ¯ve opinion based on "too abstract" humanism, but it is worth thinking of what makes the opinion possible.   

Epilepsy Control Prayer Type Exercise Health And Social Care Essay

Epilepsy is caused by sudden bustles of electrochemical activity in the encephalon, which interrupt the ‘conversation ‘ among nerve cells. Consciousness, memory, sense, address, temper, motion, and gestures can all be affected during the one or two proceedingss that the ictus lasts. Walking, jogging, running and stationary bicycling are peculiarly safe, but particularly â€Å" Prayer type yoga exercising † clearly benefits epileptic dwellers to command epilepsy because it frequently reduces ictus frequence, relieves depression, decreases societal segregation, and promotes cardiac and general wellness. This paper proposes the survey about yoga â€Å" Prayer † , which is non truly an exercising but similar to yoga, assisting in commanding of epilepsy and besides physically, mentally, spiritually relaxation can besides be achieved through this method. Spiritual spiritual believe and patterns have an of import impact on both physical and mental wellness. The consequence of exercising on ictus frequence and abrasiveness [ 1, 2 ] has been demonstrated, and exercising may confabulate a protective consequence on epileptic patients [ 3, 4 ] . Patients who contribute in physical activity present fewer ictuss than inactive patients, but neither the cause nor the consequence are established [ 1 ] . However, the alterations in the EEG created by exercising and the reduced response to hyperventilation after exercising are associated to steel cell acidosis [ 5 ] , bespeaking that physical exercising suppresses activity and raises the ictus threshold. In add-on, effects of physical exercising in human being with epilepsy has been demonstrated [ 6, 7 ] and physical preparation during the chronic period reduces the frequence of ictuss [ 7 ] . Brain metamorphosis during ictuss and interictal periods provides a signal of the cardinal nervous system structures responsible for the coevals, extension, and control of the epileptic activity. Epilepsy is a general term used for a group of upsets that cause instability in electrical signaling in the encephalon. Such as such an office edifice or a computing machine, the encephalon is a extremely complex electrical being, powered by approximately 80 pulsations of energy per second. There are many kinds of ictus i.e. Partial or focal ictuss, complex partial ictus, simple partial ictuss, absence ictuss, tonic-clonic ictuss, myoclonic ictuss, childish cramps, atonic or a kinetic ictuss and feverish ictuss. Before a ictus, many people experience a warning mark called an aura, which may affect a peculiar odor, feeling or ocular consequence. Additionally after a ictus, a individual may be confused, tired, or sleepy, experience musculus achings or tenderness, and may non retrieve what happened. Participating in physical activity and exercising has of import benefits, including preventing, handling and cut downing hazard factors for conditions such as coronary bosom disease, diabetes, high blood pressure and degenerative arthritis. Physical activity can besides positively impact terrible conditions, such as malignant neoplastic disease, and support life style alterations, such as smoking surcease [ 11, 12 ] . Furthermore, people with epilepsy face extra barriers to exert, as epilepsy well impacts their wellness and lifestyle [ 13, 14 ] . Many patients with epilepsy are physically inactive owing to frights of exercise-induced ictuss or counsel given by household members and wellness experts [ 15, 16 ] . Patients with epilepsy who overcome these barriers and concerns, nevertheless, stand to profit from physical activity in a figure of ways, with improved cardiovascular wellness among the most outstanding [ 17 ] . A survey in Scandinavia reported that, where 10 % of the population with epilepsy is prone to holding ictuss induced by strenuous exercising, another 30 % to 40 % of the study population experienced reasonably reduced ictuss following regular physical exercising [ 18 ] . Patients with epilepsy can by and large be confident to prosecute in physical activity, yet because of the specialnesss of each person ‘s epilepsy, audience with a doctor must predate activity [ 18 ] . Epileptic utilizations different ways of aerophilic exercising i.e. Dancing, Swimming, Pilates and yoga, Team athleticss, Weight preparation, Golf, Tennis, Squash, Racket athleticss, Rowing, kayaking, Cycling, Aerobics classes, Walking and jogging, but this paper nowadays another YOGA supplication type exercising, which is really nice as comparison to another exercisings, suited and easy for any one, any clip and besides can execute anyplace. II. Related Background Yoga physical exercising is by and large accepted to lend to general wellness and well-being superior temper, life quality and decrease in symptoms of anxiousness, unhappiness and depression [ 8, 9 ] . Positive physiologic effects, including improved cardiovascular fittingness are good standard [ 8 ] . However, during physical activity ( nonvoluntary hyperventilation ) , the increased respiratory rate is a creative activity of the greater metabolic and respiratory demand. This compensatory mechanism is wholly different from the procedure of non-physiological hyperventilation [ 10 ] . Many people with epilepsy do non take part in physical exercising classs and live a sedentary life [ 24, 26 ] . Momism, isolation, low self-pride, depression, and anxiousness [ 27, 29 ] are considerable barriers to an active life. Furthermore, obstacles for some individuals with epilepsy who desire to populate an active life are the impression that physical activity provokes ictuss and besides do them prone to hurts [ 24 ] . Several surveies have shown a low grade of engagement in physical activities among people with epilepsy [ 25, 26 ] . Although the chief concern with respect to physical exercising by individuals with epilepsy has been exercise-induced ictuss, other factors such as deficiency of preparation installations, jobs with transit, low motive, and fright of qualified teachers who know how to manage such jobs are noted [ 25 ] . Assorted surveies have been designed to analyze this topic comparing physical and societal activities among patients with epilepsy based on questio nnaires and/or clinical surveies [ 24, 30 ] . They besides assess physical fittingness by utilizing standardised trials of physical endurance [ 30, 31 ] and physical preparation plans [ 32 ] . Epidemiologic informations in the literature shows the relationship between epilepsy and physical exercising based on different populations from assorted states [ 25 ] . Observed that patients with epilepsy from a Norse population were half as active physically as the normal population and their physical fittingness corresponded to their sedentary life style. Other surveies have confirmed these findings demoing that people with epilepsy have a low grade of engagement in physical activities [ 24, 33 ] . The existent benefits of physical activities and aerophilic exercising are achieved by increasing bosom rate and take a breathing hard for an drawn-out period of clip. During this aerophilic activity the organic structure produces more energy and delivers more O to musculuss. Heart beats faster and increases the blood flow to musculuss and so back to lungs. Prayer is by and large understood as a communicative act between worlds and the Godhead. Yet as a communicative act it is slightly curious in that God ‘s ( the addressee ‘s ) presence and action is frequently rather unsure. Anthropologist Webb Keane notes, †In contrast to face-to-face brushs of conversation analysis, the presence, battle, and individuality of religious participants in the address event can non ever be presupposed or guaranteed [ 34 ] . Prayer frequently seeks to convey about interaction between human existences and other sorts of existences that would ( or should ) non otherwise occur. Even belief in the ubiquity of deity does non guarantee that one can interact with it † [ 34 ] . In contrast to interactions between worlds, supplication by and large involves uncertainness about whether and how the Godhead listens and responds, doing these dealingss remarkably complex [ 35 ] . Prayers are besides speech Acts of the Apostless, governed by peculiar sorts of address genres. As Keane ‘s quotation mark suggests, the fact that supplications can be distinguished as Acts of the Apostless of communicating with a Godhead histrion ( presence or agent ) organizes the certainties and uncertainnesss within these speech Acts of the Apostless in different ways [ 36 ] . Recent psychological literature concentrating on supplication and faith wages relatively small attending to non-agentic, subjective constructs of deity. Building on psychobiological evolutionary theoretical accounts of faith ‘s outgrowth as a response to peculiar biological and psychological riddles, Gods are interpreted and posited as speculations that play certain maps [ 37 ] . Increasing grounds suggests that religious and spiritual beliefs and patterns have an of import impact on both physical and mental wellness [ 19 ] . Data suggest that faith and spiritualty may be protective against physical and psychological unwellness every bit good as of import tools for get bying with life stressors [ 19 ] . More specifically, spiritualty has been shown to increase resiliency to depression in persons enduring from terminal unwellnesss religionism has been correlated with improved psychosocial accommodation in malignant neoplastic disease patients [ 20, 21 ] . In add-on, religious patterns, such as mindfulness speculation, have been associated with emphasis decrease and improved header among several populations, including chronic hurting patients, persons with panic upset [ 22 ] and overworked medical pupils [ 23 ] . III. Methodology and Results Yoga consists of a figure of â€Å" Asnas † or organic structure places, which one retains for a coveted length of clip while either declaiming â€Å" Mantras † or take a breathing in a rhythmic mode. Its benefits have been researched by many physicians who now recommend it to their patients, by many medical schools such as Harvard, and by many foundations such as the Menninger Foundation. The Muslim supplication has five places, and they all ( every bit good as the recitations we make while executing the supplication ) have a corresponding relationship with our religious and mental good being, harmonizing to modern scientific research. Muslims pray five times a twenty-four hours, which each supplication made of a series of positions and motions, each set of which is called a rak'ah. The benefits of executing specific motions and recitations each twenty-four hours come from the right rendering of the place or action itself, the length of clip the place is held, and from careful and right recitation techniques. Each of the five supplication places has a corresponding yoga place, and the places together â€Å" trip † all seven â€Å" chakras † ( energy Fieldss ) in the organic structure. The TAKBIR and AL-QIYYAM together are really similar to the â€Å" MOUNTAIN POSE † in yoga, which has been found to better position, balance, and self-awareness. This place besides normalizes blood force per unit area and external respiration, therefore supplying many benefits to asthma and bosom patients. Fig 1. Takbir Mountain Pose Figure 1. Takbir in supplication and Mountain in yoga. The arrangement of the custodies on the thorax during the Qiyyam place are said to trip the â€Å" SOLAR PLEXUS † chakra or nervus tract, which directs our consciousness of ego in the universe and controls the wellness of the muscular system, tegument, bowels, liver, pancreas, gall bladder and eyes. When the custodies are held unfastened for du'a, they activate the bosom â€Å" chakra, † said to be the centre of the feelings of love, harmoniousness and peace to command love and compassion. It besides governs the wellness of the bosom, lungs, Thymus, immune system, and circulatory system. Fig 2. Qiyyam Solar Plexus Figure 2. Qiyyam in supplication and Solar Plexus in yoga. The place of RUKU is really similar to the â€Å" FORWARD BEND † Position in yoga. Ruku stretches the musculuss of the lower dorsum, thighs, legs and calves, and allows blood to be pumped down into the upper trunk. It tones the musculuss of the tummy, venters, and kidneys. Forming a right angle allows the tummy muscles to develop and prevents limpness in the mid-section. This place besides promotes a greater flow of blood into the upper parts of organic structure – peculiarly to the caput, eyes, ears, nose, encephalon, and lungs – leting mental toxins to be released. Over clip, this improves encephalon map and 1s personality. This is an first-class stance to keep the proper place of the foetus in pregnant adult females. Fig 3. Ruku Forward Bend Figure 3. Ruku in supplication and Forward Bend in yoga. The SUJUD is said to trip the â€Å" CROWN CHAKRA † which is related to a individual ‘s religious connexion with the existence around them and their enthusiasm for religious chases. This nervus tract is besides correlated to the wellness of the encephalon, nervous system, and pineal secretory organ. Its healthy map balances 1s interior and exterior energies. In Sujud, we besides bend articulatio genuss. Therefore triping the â€Å" BASE CHAKRA † , this controls basic human endurance inherent aptitudes and provides indispensable foundation. Sujud helps to develop healthy and positive thought along with a extremely motivated position of life, and maintains the wellness of the lymph and skeletal systems, the prostate, vesica, and the adrenal secretory organs. We besides bend the â€Å" sacral chakra † during Sujud. Thus benefiting and chanting the generative variety meats. Fig 4. Sujud Crown Chakra Figur 4. Sujud in pray and Crown in yoga. The place of AL-QAADAH, ( Julus ) is similar to the â€Å" THUNDERBOLT POSE † in yoga, which houses the toes, articulatio genuss, thighs and legs. It is said to be good for those prone to inordinate slumber, and those who like to maintain long hours. Furthermore, this place assists in speedy digestion, aids the detoxification of the liver, and stimulates peristaltic action in the big bowel. Fig 5. Tashahhud Thunderbolt Pose Figure 5. Qiyyam in supplication and Thunderbolt Pose in yoga. Last, but non least, the SALAM as â€Å" THROAT CHAKRA † in yoga is activated by turning the caput towards first the right and so the left shoulder in the shutting of the supplication. This nerve way is linked to the pharynx, cervix, weaponries, custodies, bronchial, and hearing – set uping single creativeness and communicating. It is believed that a individual who activates all nervus tracts at least one time a twenty-four hours can stay good balanced emotionally, physically and spiritually. The physicians and medical practicians suggest for the epileptic YOGA, but in this paper we proved that pray has really close similarities with PRAYER. Since this is the end of all sincere Muslims, we all should endeavor to achieve the flawlessness of stance, recitation and external respiration recommended in the Hadith while executing our supplications the really same techniques of flawlessness taught in popular yoga, Tai Chi, and many other exercising classes.A IV. Decision Interestingly, for the 1000000s of people enrolled in yoga categories, the Islamic signifier of supplication has provided Muslims for 14 centuries with some of yoga ‘s same ( and even superior ) benefits. This simple signifier of â€Å" YOGA † offers physical, mental, and religious benefits five times a twenty-four hours. â€Å" Prayer is one of the greatest and most first-class agencies of nurturing the new nature, and of doing the psyche to boom and thrive. â€Å" These were some really meaningful words spoken by Jonathan Edwards over 200 old ages ago in his celebrated discourse on supplication. Timess have changed and so his society, but Edward ‘s message remains dateless. Prayer has non changed nor has its astonishing benefits. This paper shows that those who pray are physically, mentally, emotionally, spiritually healthier than those who do non pray. Those who suffer depression, anxiousness, and even terminal unwellnesss frequently have a quicker healing clip, and more successful endurance rate. Possibly it is this brooding procedure that gives prayer one of its most outstanding benefits. â€Å" Prayer that is invariably and diligently attended to be one of the best agencies of taking non merely an good-humored and pleasant life ; but besides a life of much sweet family with Christ, and of abundant enjoyment of the visible radiation of his visage † , says Edwards in his address. To set it rather merely, when we pray, we are turning closer to the Lord we love. We are easing the battles in our lives and bettering our relationships, all the piece acquiring to cognize Him by larning His word, and using it to our lives in many meaningful ways. However, this is fact that non every supplication will acquire all those good substances and endocrines. If you are interrupted in the center of the supplication, you ca n't obtain the full benefit. In amount, supplication is a sort of still speculation, yet traveling speculation gives better consequence. When you pray, it involves three maps – the oral cavity when you chant, ear as you hear the intonation, and eyes are closed. But in traveling speculation, you will hold to command more of your maps. The more you can command them, the better you can equilibrate your head and organic structure. V. Mentions Denio LS, Drake ME, Pakalnis A. The consequence of exercising on ictus frequence. J Med 1989 ; 20:171-6. Eriksen HR, Ellertsen B, Gronningsaeter H, Nakken KO, Loyning Y, Ursin H. Physical exercising in adult females with intractable epilepsy. Epilepsia 1994 ; 35:1256- 64. Gotze W, Kubicki St, Munter M, Teichmann J. Effect of physical exercising on ictus threshold. Dis Nerv Syst 1967 ; 28:664- 7. Livingston S. Epilepsy and Sports. J Am Med Assoc 1978 ; 224:239. Jalava M, Sillanpaa M. Physical activity, health-related fittingness, and wellness experience in grownups with childhood-onset epilepsy: a controlled survey. Epilepsia 1997 ; 38:424- 9. Arida RM, Vieira AJ, Cavalheiro EA. Effect of physical exercising on inflaming development. Epilepsy Res 1998 ; 30:127- 32. Arida RM, Scorza FA, Santos NF, Peres CA, Cavalheiro EA. Effect of physical exercising on ictus happening in a theoretical account of temporal lobe epilepsy in rats. Epilepsy Res 1999 ; 37:45-52. Bouchard, C. , 1990. The consensus statement. In: Bouchard, C. , Shephard, R.J. , Stephens, T. , Sutton, J.R. , McPherson, B.D. ( Eds. ) , Exercise, Fitness and Health. A Consensus of Current Knowledge. Human Kinetics Books, Champaign, IL, pp. 497-510. Martinsen, E.W. , Medhus, A. , Sandvik, L. , 1985. Effectss of aerophilic exercising on depression: a controlled survey. Br. Med. J. 291, 109. Esquivel, E. , Chaussain, M. , Plouin, P. , Ponsot, G. , Arthuis, M. , 1991. Physical exercising and voluntary hyperventilation in childhood absence epilepsy. Electroenceph. Clin. Neurophysiol. 79, 127-132. Richardson CR, Mehari KS, McIntyre LG, et Al. A randomised test comparing constructions and lifestyle ends in an Internet-mediated walking plan for people with type 2 diabetes. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2007 ; 4:59. Blair SN, Brodney S. Effects of physical inaction and fleshiness on morbidity and mortality: current grounds and research issues. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1999 ; 31 ( 11 Suppl ) : S646-62. Midwest. Women Health 2006 ; 44:41-55. Nakken KO. Physical exercising in outpatients with epilepsy. Epilepsia 1999 ; 40:643-51. Collings JA. Psychosocial wellbeing and epilepsy: an empirical survey. Epilepsia 1990 ; 31:418-26. Dubow JS, Kelly JP. Epilepsy in athleticss and diversion. Sports Med 2003 ; 33:499-516. Drazkowski JF. Management of the societal effects of ictuss. Mayo Clin Proc 2003 ; 78:641-9. Howard GM, Radloff M, Sevier TL. Epilepsy and athleticss engagement. Curr Sports Med Rep 2004 ; 3:15-9. Nakken KO. Should people with epilepsy exercising? Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 2000 ; 120:3051-3. Hill, P. C. , & A ; Pargement, K. I. ( 2003 ) . Progresss in conceptualisation and measuring of faith and spiritualty: Deductions for physical and mental wellness research. American Psychologist, 58, 64-74. Nelson, C. , Rosenfeld, B. , Breitbart, W. , & A ; Galietta, M. ( 2002 ) . Spirituality, faith, and depression in the terminally ill. Psychosomatics, 43, 213-220. Rifkin, A. , Doddi, S. , Karagji, B. , & A ; Pollack, S. ( 1999 ) . Religious and other forecasters of psychosocial accommodation in malignant neoplastic disease patients. Psychosomatics, 40, 251-256. Kabat-Zinn, J. , Massion, A. , Kristeller, J. , Peterson, L. , Fletcher, K. , Pbert, L. , et Al. ( 1992 ) . Effectiveness of a meditation-based emphasis decrease plan in the intervention of anxiousness upsets. American Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 936-943. Shapiro, S. L. , Schwartz, G. E. , & A ; Bonner, G. ( 1998 ) . Effectss of mindfulness-based emphasis decrease on medical and premedical pupils. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 21, 581-599. Roth DL, Goode KT, Williams VL, Faught E. Physical exercising, nerve-racking life experience, and depression in grownups with epilepsy. Epilepsia 1994 ; 35:1248-55. Bjorholt PG, Nakken KO, Rohme K, Hansen H. Leisure clip wonts and physical fittingness in grownups with epilepsy. Epilepsia 1990 ; 31:83-7. Denio LS, Drake ME, Pakalnis A. The consequence of exercising on ictus frequence. J Med 1989 ; 20:171-6. Freeman JM. Epilepsy and swimming. Pediatricss 1985 ; 76:139. Kogeorgos J, Fonagy P, Scott DF. Psychiatric symptom forms of chronic epileptics go toing a neurological clinic: a controlled probe. Br J Psychiatr 1982 ; 140:236-43. Gates JR, Spiegel RH. Epilepsy, athleticss and exercising. Sports Med 1993 ; 15:1-5. Steinhoff BJ, Neususs K, Thegeder H, Reimers CD. 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The Crucible Character Analysis

In the play ‘The Crucible’ by Arthur Miller, the author uses characters from the 17th century witch-hunts to show the corruption behind McCarthyism. The play was published in 1953, a time when McCarthyism was actively affecting and contributing to society. The book is filled with false accusations during 1692, in order to relate to the time period it was released. In the play, the character Abigail Williams is in love with John Proctor, a married man, who she had an affair with. Abigail tries to win John over by using witchcraft.When she is caught by her uncle, Reverend Parris she is afraid of being punished, so she blames their slave, Tituba. This accusation sparks a time of fear and accusation of witches in Salem. When the witch-hunt begins, Abigail realizes that she can use her lies to gain power in Salem. She thinks she can use this power to get rid of John Proctor’s wife, Elizabeth, and that when Elizabeth is gone John will love her. Abigail is driven by fear and envy, and her corrupt decisions lead to the downfall of Salem society.Abigail Williams is a seventeen-year-old orphan, who lives with her uncle, Rev. Parris. Abigail was fired from her job as a servant by Goody Proctor because she had an affair with John Proctor. She believes that her affair with John Proctor is true love and that the only thing standing between them is his wife. Abigail states in Act 1, â€Å"I have something better than hope, I think! † (Miller 22) because she believes that John has made a promise to her by breaking of chastity for her, that he loves her.Her envy of Elizabeth leads to her making very bad decisions. These decisions cause Abigail to be afraid of being convicted of witchcraft, so she accuses others, making them scapegoats for her wrong-doings. When Abigail and the other girls go dancing in the woods Abigail tries to drink a charm to kill John Proctor’s wife. When they are caught dancing she forces all the girls to lie about what ha ppened. She puts the blame on Tituba. They continue to make accusations against people in Salem.â€Å"I saw Goody Sibber with the Devil! †Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ â€Å"I saw Alice Barrow with the Devil! †Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ â€Å"I saw Goody Hawkins with the Devil! †Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ (48) People are hanging because of the girls’ false claims. Abigail then tries to get Elizabeth hanged for witchcraft but Elizabeth is allowed to live because she is pregnant. By the end of the play, Abigail tries to flee with John but his refusal to leave with her finally makes her realize that he will never love her. After this, she only has fear left as a motivator.She flees with Mercy Lewis on a boat with all of Rev. Parris’ money. John is hanged because he refuses to give up his name. â€Å"The legend has it that Abigail turned up later as a prostitute. †(146) Although most of her actions caused pain for others, it did eventually lead to her own downfall. â€Å"Elizabeth Proctor married again, four years after Proctor’s death. †(126) It is ironic that the person Abigail set out to hurt the most was one of the few people who went on to live a better life.Since Abigail is motivated by envy and fear, her decision to fuel the witch-hunt creates tragedy by the end of the play. Everything she does causes John’s death as well as the hanging of countless others, the innocent people of Salem. This play really captures the effects of false accusations and theocracy when given power. The witch-hunts, like McCarthyism caused suffering for many without any proof or reason. Abigail proves an example of the consequences when power is given to things that cannot be proven, unsupported theories. The Crucible Character Analysis In the play ‘The Crucible’ by Arthur Miller, the author uses characters from the 17th century witch-hunts to show the corruption behind McCarthyism. The play was published in 1953, a time when McCarthyism was actively affecting and contributing to society. The book is filled with false accusations during 1692, in order to relate to the time period it was released. In the play, the character Abigail Williams is in love with John Proctor, a married man, who she had an affair with. Abigail tries to win John over by using witchcraft.When she is caught by her uncle, Reverend Parris she is afraid of being punished, so she blames their slave, Tituba. This accusation sparks a time of fear and accusation of witches in Salem. When the witch-hunt begins, Abigail realizes that she can use her lies to gain power in Salem. She thinks she can use this power to get rid of John Proctor’s wife, Elizabeth, and that when Elizabeth is gone John will love her. Abigail is driven by fear and envy, and her corrupt decisions lead to the downfall of Salem society.Abigail Williams is a seventeen-year-old orphan, who lives with her uncle, Rev. Parris. Abigail was fired from her job as a servant by Goody Proctor because she had an affair with John Proctor. She believes that her affair with John Proctor is true love and that the only thing standing between them is his wife. Abigail states in Act 1, â€Å"I have something better than hope, I think! † (Miller 22) because she believes that John has made a promise to her by breaking of chastity for her, that he loves her.Her envy of Elizabeth leads to her making very bad decisions. These decisions cause Abigail to be afraid of being convicted of witchcraft, so she accuses others, making them scapegoats for her wrong-doings. When Abigail and the other girls go dancing in the woods Abigail tries to drink a charm to kill John Proctor’s wife. When they are caught dancing she forces all the girls to lie about what ha ppened. She puts the blame on Tituba. They continue to make accusations against people in Salem.â€Å"I saw Goody Sibber with the Devil! †Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ â€Å"I saw Alice Barrow with the Devil! †Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ â€Å"I saw Goody Hawkins with the Devil! †Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ (48) People are hanging because of the girls’ false claims. Abigail then tries to get Elizabeth hanged for witchcraft but Elizabeth is allowed to live because she is pregnant. By the end of the play, Abigail tries to flee with John but his refusal to leave with her finally makes her realize that he will never love her. After this, she only has fear left as a motivator.She flees with Mercy Lewis on a boat with all of Rev. Parris’ money. John is hanged because he refuses to give up his name. â€Å"The legend has it that Abigail turned up later as a prostitute. †(146) Although most of her actions caused pain for others, it did eventually lead to her own downfall. â€Å"Elizabeth Proctor married again, four years after Proctor’s death. †(126) It is ironic that the person Abigail set out to hurt the most was one of the few people who went on to live a better life.Since Abigail is motivated by envy and fear, her decision to fuel the witch-hunt creates tragedy by the end of the play. Everything she does causes John’s death as well as the hanging of countless others, the innocent people of Salem. This play really captures the effects of false accusations and theocracy when given power. The witch-hunts, like McCarthyism caused suffering for many without any proof or reason. Abigail proves an example of the consequences when power is given to things that cannot be proven, unsupported theories.